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短文填空解题技巧一、解题基本步骤（一）跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。注意：重视首尾句；记叙文抓故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事物。（二）复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。先易后难易：固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构难：名词、动词、形容词、副词，注意联系上下文（三）三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。内容：上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章。语法：语法结构是否正确无误。二、具体解题技巧（一）考虑该空填什么词性1、名词：单复数形式,所有格的用法表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、alotof等词去作判断，以免受误导。1）可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds。b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries。d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves。e．以“o”结尾的词，一般直接加s，mango除外：mango-mangoes。f．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2）不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice2、形容词、副词：比较等级的用法形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…Oneofthe84differencesbetweenChineserestaurantsandwesternonesisthat……IthoughtIwasthe___78____unluckypersonintheworld.3、代词：单复数、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、不定代词等的用法关系代词which、that、who、whom、what、when、while、how反身代词myself、yourself,themselves、ourselves指示代词this、that、those、these不定代词some，any，all，none，both，either，neither，each，every，other，another，much，many，few，little，one……about350millionChinesesmoke.Among79,50millionareteenagers.WheneverIgotangryorsad,hewouldhelp___82___tocooldown.Herearesomeideasabout77toeathealthily.Inawesternrestaurant，eachpersonusuallyasksfortheir82foodordishesandeats83theyaskfor．MostAmericanparentslettheirsonsordaughtersmakefriendsby85.Americanliketospend79thantheyhave.Ibelieveyoucanfind86otherwaysbesidesthese.4、连词：并列与从属连词的用法1）从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类：时间从句when,while,as,before,after,until,till,whenever条件从句if,unless,supposing,provided(ing),suppose,目的从句inorderthat,sothat,that,so,lest,结果从句so…that,such…that,sothat,so原因从句because,as,since让步从句although,though,eventhough(if),while方式从句as,like,theway,asif,asthough地点从句where,wherever比较从句than,asIwassoangry__79__Ihithimintheface.It’sbetterforyouto81aglassofwarmmilk82goingtobed.2）并列连词：连接两个互不依从的次、短语或分句：Slowbutsure.要慢而稳。（连接单词）She’llbebackeitherthisweekornextweek.她将在这周或下周回来。（连接短语）Iwentandshewentalso.我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）并列连词有下面几类：表示意思转折的连词but,yet,however,nevertheless,表示因果关系的连词for,so,therefore,hence,其他并列连词and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,aswellas.YaoMingwasTang’sfavoritestar,77hiswordsmeantalottohim.Don’teattoomuchchocolate84ice-cream.Keepthisspace,whichmaybeadesk82justacornerofyourroom.Don'tshouttothewaiters，86peoplemaythinkthatyouarerude(粗鲁的).5、介词短语及其它固定搭配Hestartedsmoking76theageof14.Hedecidedto78upsmoking.It’sveryimportant82parentstohelptheirchildrenstopsmoking.Myclassmatesdidn’twanttotalk___77____me.Myparentsdon’tshoutatme___85____more.Thatmeanseatinglotsofdifferent83offood.Trytoeathealthyfoodasmuchas86.shehasfoundmanydifferences78ChineseandAmerican.MostChinesekidsalways81theirparentsformoney．Chineseparentsusuallyenjoyknowingmoreabouttheirchildren’sfriends86manydifferentways.In77,anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Lookaroundthehouse81agoodstudyplace.Sometimesitisallrightto80atableforyourself6、动词：时态、语态的变化（二）联系上下文1.重复出现原则2.语境School：lecture，paper，exam，grades，playground，teacher.Restaurant：menu，soup，drink，order，bill.Airport/Station：train，timetable，takeoff，passenger，economyclass,businessclass,flight.Postoffice：parcel，package，stamp，postage.Hospital：cold，fever，pain，cough，trouble，temperature.Hotel:Checkin,,checkout,,luggage,bookaroom,doubleroom.Teenagerscangetcigarettes80,especiallywhentheirparentssmokeorshops81cigarettestothem.ButnowIcan’tseemybestfriendbecauseheisseriously___86___andisstayinginhospital.3、常见的人物关系：Husband——wifeTeacher——studentBoss——employeeWaiter——customerDoctor——patientParents——kid/childrenClassmates，roommatesShopassistant——customer4.态度：积极还是消极，肯定还是否定1.ManyAmericanstudentsthinkthatBisagirlwhilemanyChinesestudentsthinkthatBistoo84．2.LivinginsuchagoodfamilyhelpedLisay84tocigarettes.3.Agoodbreakfastisveryimportanttochildren.It’snecessarytohaveitinthe78.Butsomechildrenoftengotoschool79breakfast，justbecausetheywanttosleepalittlelonger.4.ManyAmericanparentsthinkthereis82needtosendtheirchildrent0anexpensiveuniversity．It’sdifferentinChina．ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveuniversities……5.Ifyoucanuseyourtimewell,youmayimproveyourstudy78muchwork.Here’show.（三）生活常识、文化背景