山东化工职业学院毕业设计(论文)题目:烟雾报警系统的研究与设计年级专业:08计算机应用技术学生姓名:李康豹学号:200803010022指导教师:田端才职称:讲师导师单位:山东化工职业学院山东化工职业学院计算机信息科学系论文完成时间:2011年03月20日山东化工职业学院毕业设计(论文)任务书发给学生李康豹1.设计(论文)题目:烟雾报警系统的研究与设计2.学生完成设计(论文)期限:2011年3月20日3.设计(论文)课题要求:(1)所选课题应体现专业基本训练,有利于巩固,深化和扩充所学知识;(2)设计结构要合理,条理要鲜明;理论分析与计算准确,数据可靠,图表单位等符合国家或行业标准。(3)设计内容应能充分体现实际工作中的需要,并能根据需要提出自己的观点或具体的解决措施,要有自己独到的见解,不能套用和抄袭他人成果;(4)设计格式必须符合《山东化工职业学院》计算机信息科学系毕业设计(论文)组织管理要求;(5)设计(论文)写作过程中要大量查阅文献资料,以加深对理论知识的理解,提高解决实际工作问题的能力;(6)严格按时间控制点完成毕业设计。4.实验(上机、调研)部分要求内容:1)严格按照毕业设计程序进行切实有效的实践调研;2调研实践活动要结合所选课题有针对性有计划地实施;3)在实际调研中检验论证有关结论或方案的实用性;4)利用计算机等现代化媒体工具进行图形图表等的绘制实践。5.文献查阅要求:1)查阅图书、期刊等文献资料了解当前相关课题研究的最新成果及发展趋势。2)参阅厂方内部资料,熟悉与课题相关设备、流程、工艺等。3)结合所选课题,利用网络等多种渠道查阅大量资料,使自己的设计符合时代发展,具有前瞻性,科学性,实用性。4)查阅的资料要真实可靠。6.发出日期:2010年6月20日7.学生完成日期:2011年3月20日指导教师签名:学生签名:附注:1、任务书应附于完成的设计(论文)中,并与设计(论文)一并提交答辩委员会;2、任务书须由指导教师填写。审批意见:系主任签名:年月日摘要火灾已成为我国常发性和破坏性以及影响力最强的灾害之一。随着经济和城市建设的快速发展,城市高层、地下建筑以及大型综合性建筑日益增多,火灾隐患也大大增加,火灾的数量及其造成的损失呈逐年上升趋势。在工业和民用建筑、宾馆、酒店、图书馆、科研和商业部门,火灾烟雾报警器已成为必要的装置。火灾报警系统对现代建筑起着极其重要的安全保障作用。火灾报警控制器是火灾烟雾报警系统的核心。本文对火灾烟雾报警控制器和探测器做了深入的研究,并全面阐述了火灾烟雾报警控制器和探测器硬件和软件设计。以下是本文完成的主要工作:1.火灾烟雾报警系统的控制器采用C8051F020单片机进行设计,所设计的控制器具有较高的性价比,还具有操作人员管理、报警信息查询、探测器管理、预报警、火警处理、通讯等功能,在控制器中采用LCD显示器进行报警系统所需各种信息显示。2.探测器控制电路的核心采用PHILIP公司的低功耗P87LPC762单片机,它实现了对火灾信息的检测和传送;为提高系统的适应性与扩展性,进行了写码器设计。3.控制器与探测器之间的通讯采用无线高频通讯方式进行,运用KB8825双频合成器进行了无线通讯电路设计,具有抗干扰能力强、功耗低等优点,可靠地完成了探测器与控制器之间的无线通信。本文设计的火灾烟雾报警电路能有效地防止和减少火灾危害,解决有线火灾报警系统不能解决的问题,对保护人身安全和财产安全具有现实意义。关键词火灾烟雾报警系统电路火灾探测器单片机目录目录····················································································································i第一章前言·············································································································11.1烟雾报警系统在国内的发展情况······································································11.2烟雾报警系统的分类·····················································································2第二章方案设计和测量原理·······················································································22.1引言···········································································································22.2火灾探测器的选择························································································22.2.1离子感烟探测器的工作原理····································································5第三章火灾烟雾报警控制器的设计··············································································53.1电源模块的设计···························································································53.1.1供电方式···························································································53.1.2稳压电源···························································································73.1.3不间断供电电路··················································································63.2主控模块设计······························································································73.2.1MCU的选择···························································································73.2.2LCD模块的接口电路···············································································8第四章火灾烟雾报警系统的软件设计···········································································94.1火灾报警系统控制器软件设计·········································································94.2火灾烟雾报警系统通讯模块软件设计································································9结论······················································································································11参考文献················································································································12谢辞···················································································································131第一章绪论1.1烟雾报警系统在国内的发展情况我国火灾报警系统起步较发达国家晚几十年,从上世纪70年代我国才开始研制生产火灾报警系统产品。进入80年代后,国内主要厂家也多是模仿国外产品,或是引进国外技术进行生产,没有真正意义上的核心技术,并且市场也刚刚开始发育。火灾报警产品真正发展是在90年代以后,随着政府逐渐开放国门,国外企业开始大量进入中国消防市场,带来先进技术的同时也促进了市场的成熟。这时期,我国生产火灾报警产品的企业也得到了快速发展,部分企业进行了合资生产、技术合作,取得了不菲的成绩,也造就了现今市场上许多有实力的商家,部分技术已接近或赶上了国际水平。区域可以视为一栋楼或几层楼的范围,在区域报警系统中宜设置一台区域控制器,最多设置不应超过三台区域控制器。集中报警控系统是由火灾探测器、手动火灾报警按钮、区域报警控制器、集中报警控制器等组成。在集中报警系统中应设置一台集中报警控制器和两台以上的区域报警控制器。集中报警控制器应设置专用值班室或消防值班室内,由专人看守。控制中心报警系统是由火灾探测器、手动火灾报警按钮、区域报警控制器、集中报警控制器、消防控制设备等组成。系统中应至少设置一台集中报警控制器和相关的消防控制设备设置在值班室,其他部位的集中报警控制器应将火灾报警信号和消防联动控制信号均送至消防控制值班室。1.2烟雾报警系统的分类火灾报警系统根据需要可划分为区域报警系统、集中报警系统和控制中心报警系统。火灾探测器根据火灾发生时所表现出来的物理现象可以分为:气敏型、感温型、感烟型、感光型、感声型五大类。2第二章方案设计和测量原理2.1引言火灾报警系统,一般由火灾探测器和控制器组成。其中火灾探测器是识别火灾是否发生的专门仪器,根据建筑物或实地场所的要求,安装不同类型的火灾探测器。火灾探测器主要分为感烟探测器、感温探测器和光辐射探测器三大类,其中离子感烟探测器稳定性能较好,误报率低,寿命长等优点,在火灾报警系统中被广泛使用。2.2火灾探测器的选择对各类火灾探测器进行比较后,根据设计本系统的实际情况出发,系统采用离子感烟探测器,它是一种室内安装的探测器,可以探测可见和不可见的烟雾,具有对火灾进行早期预报功能。在火灾发生初期,当进入离子感烟探头中采样室的烟浓度超过由参考室的门限值时,离子感烟探头底座上的指示灯将点亮,同时送出报警电压信号。在输入回路中,离子感烟探测器内的接口电路十分关键。通过探测器接口电路可以将探头报警电压信号转变为不同频率的电信号传送到控制器,由控制器判别处理,确定火灾位置报警。2.2.1离子感烟探测器的工作原理离子感烟探测器探头电路是利用两片放射性物质241(AM)α源构成的两个电离室(检测电离室和补偿电离室)及场效应晶体管(EFT)等电子元件件组成。其工作原理为:P1和P2是一相对的电极,在电极之间放有α放射源241镅,由于它持续不断地放射出α射线,α粒子以高速运动,撞击空气分子,从而使极板间空气分子电离为正离子和负离子(电子),这样电极之间原来不导电的空气具有了导电性,实现这个过程的装置我们称它为电离室,如图2.1所示。3图2.