高三英语定语从句高考考点讲解

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定语从句Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____,修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)1、_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(04江苏)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2、Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.(01北京春季)A.heB.thisC.whichD.who1)非限制性定语从句一般采用which或as来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点:(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。(2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象……那样、正如所……的”。(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用,则用which,而不用as,考点一:关系代词:asDC注意thesame…as/such…as的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时,关系词既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具体事物时,有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来,表示同一种类多用as,表示同一事物多用that。如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上,同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的,所以两个词可换用:Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.Suchas与suchthatHeissuchagoodteacher____weallloveandrespect.AthatB.asC.whoD.soB他是那样一位好老师,我们大家都热爱和尊敬他他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师.Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveandrespecthim.Heissuchagoodteacherasweallloveandrespect.1.a.Itissuchaninterestingbook_____weallwanttoreadtwice.b.Itissuchaninterestingbook____weallwanttoreadittwice.Aas,asB.that,thatC.as,thatD.that,as2.Ihaveneverheardsuchstories____hetells.A.AsB.thatC.whichD.whatCA考点二:分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。例1:Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语Ithink应放在关系代词后面。A例2:Isthisfactory________youvisitedyesterday?A.WhichB.thatC.whereD.theone不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句Thisfactoryis________youvisitedyesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填theone。D例3:Thestudentsinourclassstudyharderthan________areintheirclass.A.whoB.thosewhoC.thatD.which分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填thosewho。B考点三:有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。例1:He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。A例2:Icanthinkofmanycases________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where析:manycases意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。D例3:Herillnesswillnotdeveloptothepoint________nomedicinecancureher.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.as析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。A考点四:whose指物时可与ofwhich等互换,但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如:Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichwhosecoverisblue.1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(05天津卷)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(04北京)A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealnameBD“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如题2),又能作宾语(如题1)。whose的先行词常用来指人(如题2),但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念(如题1),这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofwhich”。题1可变为:fromtheeffectsofwhich…考点五:关系代词和关系副词的比较1、Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_____wevisitedthreemonthsago?(05北京春季)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what2、Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.(04全国II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatCA当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where。题1中的farm作visited的宾语,故选C;题2中的trousers作wiped的地点状语,故选A。考点六:介词加关系代词引导定语从句1、Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江苏卷)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2、Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.(05山东卷)A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthisCC题1中theplace在定语从句中作tobebuilt的地点状语,此处的atwhich相当于where;后面是表语从句,表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造,故选C。介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点,复习中需注意以下几个问题:1.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。如:Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.2.要确认关系代词前用什么介词,需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。解题思路1。通读全句,首先考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型。4。将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意贯通。2。题干若是疑问句,首先把它恢复为正常语序3。观察设空的前前后后,确地定从句的性质,回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__(去掉)which____totheoneCorrectthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosewhichhaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____who(that/which)^^Correctthesentences:9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.____that____that____whyit____Correctthesentences:13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.aswho______________giveswhy^Cor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