英语句子的平行结构

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平行结构一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),ratherthan等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致例1:Hewentdowntown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.例2:Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,butnotusedinwarfareuntiltwohundredyearslater.2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致例1:Yoursemestergradeisbasednotonlyonhowwellyoudooneachtest,butalsoonhowyouparticipateinclass.例2:Weoftengotothecountrysideaswellastofactories.例3:Iwouldmuchrathergotothecountrysidethanstayhere.3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致例1:Somefindswimmingmoreenjoyablethansittingathomereading.例2:Hewasengagedinwritingaletterratherthanreadingthenewspaper.4.所连接的句子结构必须一致例1:Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenandallthatyouhavetoldhim.例2:Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoredifferentmeaningforthemthanitdidforus.二、某些特定的固定结构。例如:(1)有些词后要用平行结构。例如:prefersthtosthpreferdoingsthtodoingsthprefertodosthratherthandosth1)Ipreferricetonoodles.2)IpreferwatchingTVtolisteningtomusic.3)Hepreferredtodieratherthansurrender.(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。例如:would/hadrather/soonerdosomethingthandosomething,would/hadassoondosomethingasdosomething(宁可……也不……)1)LiuHulansaidshehadratherdiethangiveup.2)Iwouldassoonstayathomeasgo.III部分强调句要强调句子的某一部分,可以把句子的结构改变一下,通常有两种表示强调的句式:Itis/was…that…结构和What…is/was…结构。一、Itis/was…that…结构1.Itis/was…that…结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分例1:ItwasmymotherthatthrewaneggatMr.Liyesterday.例2:ItwasMr.Lithatmymotherthrewaneggatyesterday.2.被强调的部分指人时,可用who枵whom强调主语时,如果指的是人,可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时,如果指点的是人,可用whom。例如:1)Itwasthedeanwhowalkedby.2)ItwasMarywhomtheoldladymissedmost.3被强调部分指物时,要用that例如:ItwasaneggthatmymotherthrewatMr.Liyesterday.4.被强调部分是状语时,也只能用that,不能用when或where.例1:ItisduringhissparetimethatJohnhasbeenstudyingacourseinFrench.例2:Itwasinthehallthatthemayorheldthepressconference.5.不能用Itis/was…that结构强调动词强调动词常用do,过去式用did。例如:1)Theydidstudyveryhardyesterday.2)Hedoeslookforwardtomakingtheacquaintanceofher.What…is/was…结构二、What…is/was…结构常用来强调主语或宾语,在这种结构中,is/was后面是强调的部分。例如:1)Whathurtsismyleftleg.2)WhatIlikeisherstyle.

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