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Chapter2Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5ExamplesHydropowerplantThermalpowerplantNuclearpowerplantLargeruserLargeruserSubstationPowerlineTransmissionanddistributionUserUser分配distributing产生Generating传输transmitting2.1IntroductionOthersPowersupplysystem110kV220kV500kV2.1Introduction2.1Introduction110kV50-150km220kV200-400km500kV500km35kV10kV380V500kV2.1Introduction2.1IntroductionAutomationinPowerDistribution◆HowdoesPowerreachus?◆BottlenecksinPowerReliability◆TheTechnologyDevelopmentMission●CommunicationandNetworking●RemoteTerminalUnit●RemotelyOperableSwitch●(ASIC)ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit●DAsoftware●DistributionNetworkSimulator10kV0.4kV110kV10kV10kV110kVPowerstationTransformerDistributionsubstationsUser2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding(a)Onemain+onesparesinglebusMainElectricalConnection10kVBusS1S2MainSpare主供备用（a)◆TwoinputsSinglebusbar◆Save(areaandfinance)◆Serviceinterruptionorblackout(busfailure)◆BuildingwithlowreliabilityrequirementorlowloadMainElectricalConnection（b)◆TwoinputsSectionalizingbuswithtieswitch◆Additionalbustiecabinetandvoltagetransformercabinet◆Highreliability◆Buildingwithhighreliabilityrequirementorhighload(b)Twoinputssinglebuswithtieswitch10kVBusS1S2MainSpare主备10kVBusS1S2Power1Power2Tieswitch2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding(a)Onemain+onespareTwo10kVindependentpowerinputs、self-suppliedgenerator,SectionalizingSinglebusbaronlowside。10kVbusS1S2Power1Power2400Vbus10kV/400VtransformerSelf-providedgeneratoremergencyBus10kVbus(c)Twoinputswithgenerator2.2TypicalsysteminsidethebuildingGeneratoroperationdiagram3S10S5min10minMains市电generatorgeneratorMainswitchdisappearrestoreSelf-startstopMainswitchshutdown◆自备发电机组要选择有自启动装置的机组，市电停电后延时3s后开始启动，启动时间约10s，发电机主开关合闸供电，当市电恢复后，机组延时约5分钟（带载运行），再空载冷却运行约10分钟后自动停车。2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding两路市电与自备电源FireliftFireprotectionEmergencylightingHalllightinggeneratorMainIMainIIEmergencybusUPScomputerImportantloadinterlockG◆一级负荷单独分组方案，将消防用电等一级负荷单独分出，并集中一段母线供电，备用发电机组仅对此段母线提供备用电源。2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding◆正常情况，消防设备等用电设备为两路市电同时供电，应急母线电源由其中一路市电供给。当两路市电失去一路，可以通过两路市电中间的联络开关合闸恢复大部分供电，当两路市电全部失去时，自动启动机组ATS开关转换，应急母线由机组供电，保证消防设备等重要负荷的供电。FireliftFireprotectionEmergencylightingHalllightinggeneratorMainIMainIIEmergencybusUPScomputerImportantloadInterG2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding◆对大厅照明等稍为重要的负荷，由于配电开关上装有失压脱扣器，在市电故障时已全部分闸，然后可根据机组负荷情况手动合闸。例如此时无火灾可全部合闸，如一旦发生火灾，则根据消防发出的指令自动跳闸。方案适用于电网稳定、大楼重要负荷较多的工程。FireliftFireprotectionEmergencylightingHalllightinggeneratorMainIMainIIEmergencybusUPScomputerImportantloadinterlockG2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding◆ATS(Automatictransferswitchingequipment)自动转换开关电器◆ATS:safelyswitchingfromutilitypowertoemergencygeneratorpower主要用在紧急供电系统◆ATS:switchingfromaprimarysourcetoasecondary将负载从一个电源自动换接至另一个（备用）电源◆ATS:常常应用在重要用电场所，其产品可靠性尤为重要。2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuildingmainsupply380V/220VbusbarTransformer10kV/400V380V/220Vspare◆difficulttogettwoinputs，400Vpowersupplynearby◆maininput10kV，400Vspare◆smallbuilding,lowpowerconsumption.(d)Twoinputs(mainandspare)2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet1两路10KV进线一路由市网供给，电缆引入，（装有专用计量柜和进线开关）2另一电源为备用电源，架空引入，由本企业引入。无计量柜,有进线保护柜。进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet3Incominglineprotectioncabinet:进线保护柜，当变配电系统或母线出现短路和过载时断路器自动跳闸。circuitbreakeroperateautomatically进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet4Voltagetransformercabinet:meteringandprotection进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet5Powertransformer:两台10/0.4KV电力变压器Y/Y0，由高压断路器进行高压侧短路保护和过载保护。进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet6Highvoltageoutputtootherpowerstation.高压引出线：去往其他变电所或杆上变压器，也是由高压断路器进行短路和过载保护。进线柜计量柜保护柜互感器柜变压器柜变压器柜其他变电所电容器柜保护柜进线柜meteringcabinetpowerincomingcabinetotherstationsProtectioncabinetVoltagetransformercabinettransformercabinetcapacitorcabinetProtectioncabinetpowerincomingcabinet7Capacitorcabinet:reactivepowercompensation.电容器柜：在高压侧进行无功功率补偿，将本系统的功率因数提高到电业部门所规定的数值。一般在0.95左右。powersupplybureauB1B22TwoinputsSectionalizingwithtieswitch1lowvoltageb