英语连读、重读、弱读技巧

第1页听力失音连读表失音与连读在语速较快的时候，为了方便应用产生了失音和连读现象。在四六级听力考试部分出现出现的尤其频繁。这是四六级听力考试中难点所在。掌握好失音和连读是听懂和说一口地道美语的前提。学习方法：失音连读规则繁琐细致，逐条记忆会耗费大量时间。本书将各种情况归纳列表附在本篇后，只需在浏览过规则以后将列表和例句通读几遍，便能自然掌握各种失音连读情况和培养出较强的英语语感，从根本上提高语言使用能力。失音：失音，顾名思义就是某一个或者几个音脱落，把单词短语和句子快速连缀成串。单词间的失音有四种类型。类型一：前一词以“持续音＋/t//d/”结尾，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t//d/失音其中包括：/st/+辅音/ft/+辅音/t/+辅音/nd/+辅音/ld/+辅音/zd/+辅音/d/+辅音/vd/+辅音/t/+辅音/md/+辅音/d/+辅音/nt/+辅音/lt/+辅音例如：lastclass/l:skl:s/nextday/neksdei/bendback/benbk/settledthere/setl/refusedboth/ri`fju:zb/类型二：前一词以“破音/擦音+/t//d/”结束，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t//d/失音其中包括：/pt/+辅音/kt/+辅音（如完结于skt则脱k而不是t）/tt/+辅音/bd/+辅音/gd/+辅音/dd/+辅音/d/+辅音例如：keptquiet/kepkwait/sweptvalley/swepvli/likedjam/laikdm/parchedthroat/p:trt/fetchedme/fetmi:/rubbedgently/rbidentli/注：后一词如始于h则/t//d/很少脱落例如：keptherwaiting/kepth:`weiti/类型三：动词否定结尾的缩写形式n’t中的/t/失音（无论后一词以元音还是辅音开头）例如：Youmustn’t/msn/loseitDoesn’t/dzn/sheknow?Hewouldn’t/wudn/overeat.类型四：前一词以/t/结束，后一词以/t/或/d/开头，则前面的/t/往往失音。例如第2页I’vegottogo./aiv`gtg/hatdoyouwant?/wdjuwnt/另外，不完全爆破虽然没有归纳到失音类型里来，但实质上也存在不发音现象。如果前面单词结尾和后面单词开头是两个或者同一个破擦音(/p//b//t//d//k//g/)则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。但是听者能感到这个音的存在。例如：cutdown/kdaun/stickto/stitu:/breakdown/bridaun/letgo/leg/连读：连贯讲话自然会出现连读现象，在中文中也同样存在，例如传统的北京方言。连读主要出现在意义联系较紧的词，如冠词与名词，数词和名词，动词与副词，连接词与代名词之间。语义自然停顿的地方不用连读。连读类型：类型一：辅音与下一个单词的元音连缀，使全句连贯。例如：inanhour/innau/annglishbook/niglibuk/anapple/npl/alotoftime/`ltvtaim/类型二：单词以元音结尾，则在元音后加上/r/音以便和下个单词起首元音连缀。据伦敦出版的第十三版PronouncingDictionary记载，元音间连读情况多出现在以///i////://://:/结尾的词后。例如：moreorless/m:rls/bearup/brp/theideaofit/aidirvit/类型三：后单词以h开始，则前面单词结尾音直接与后面单词的元音连读,此处h很少发音。例如：givehim/givim/lether/let:/失音列表：类型一：前一词以“持续音＋/t//d/”结尾，后一词以辅音开头，则其中/t//d/失音/st/+辅音/ft/+辅音/t/+辅音/nd/+辅音/ld/+辅音/zd/+辅音/d/+辅音/vd/+辅音/t/+辅音/md/+辅音/d/+辅音/nt/+辅音/lt/+辅音/st/+辅音²/st/＋/p/dustpan/dspn/²/st/＋/t/nextto/nekstu:/²/st/＋/k/lastclass/l:skl:s/第3页²/st/＋/f/bestfriend/besfrend/²/st/＋/s/fastsociety/f:ss`saiti/²/st/＋//firsttheme/fsi:m/²/st/＋//worstshow/wsu/²/st/＋/t/lastchance/last:s/²/st/＋/b/burstbubble/bsbbl/²/st/＋/d/nextday/neksdei/²/st/＋/g/almostgot/:lmsgt/²/st/＋/v/lastversion/l:s`v:n/²/st/＋/z/bestzone/beszn/²/st/＋//noticedthat/ntist/²/st/＋/h/firsthair/f:shi/²/st/＋/d/wristjewelry/risdu:lri/²/st/＋/l/firstlight/f:slait/²/st/＋/m/depressedmood/di`presmu:d/²/st/＋/n/suppressednewspaper/s`pres`nu:speip/²/st/＋/w/justone/dswn/²/st/＋/j/lasturopeanempire/l:sjur`pin`empai/²/st/＋/r/westregion/wes`ri:dn//ft/+辅音²/ft/＋/p/shiftpersonality/ifp:s`nliti/²/ft/+/t/leftturn/left:n/²/ft/＋/k/shiftkey/ifki:/²/ft/＋/f/shiftforoneself/if:wn`self/²/ft/+/s/softcentre/fffent/²/ft/＋//shifttheme/ifi:m/²/ft/＋//giftshare/gif/²/ft/+/t/driftchannel/driftnl/²/ft/+/b/driftby/drifbai/²/ft/＋/d/driftdistance/drif`distns/²/ft/＋/g/shiftgears/ifgiz/²/ft/＋/v/riftvalley/rif`vli/²/ft/＋/z/shiftzeal/ifzi:l/²/ft/＋//shiftthetarget/if`t:git/²/ft/＋/h/shifthairstyle/if`hstail/²/ft/＋/d/shiftjoint/ifdint/²/ft/+/l/shiftlearning/ifl:ni/²/ft/＋/m/shiftmatrix/if`meitriks/²/ft/＋/n/driftnet/drifnet/²/ft/+/w/leftwheel/lefwi:l/²/ft/+/j/shifturopeintoseveralcountries/if`jurp/第4页²/ft/+/r/shiftreaction/ifri:`kn//t/+辅音²/t/+/p/mashedpotatoes/mp`teituz/²/t/＋/t/finishedtoday’swork/finit`deisw:k/²/t/＋/k/finishedclass/finikl:s/²/t/＋/f/cherishedfriends/terifrendz/²/t/＋/s/pushedswitch/puswit/²/t/+//pushedthem/puem/²/t/＋//finishedshaping/fini`eipi/²/t/+/t/smashedchurch/smtt/²/t/＋/b/smashedbulk/smblk/²/t/＋/d/smasheddefence/smdi`fens/²/t/＋/g/smashedgate/smgeit/²/t/＋/v/smashedvase/smv:z/²/t/＋/z/smashedzeal/smzi:l/²/t/＋//pushtheboatout/pubutaut/²/t/＋/h/smashedhut/smht/²/t/＋/d/smasheddream/smdri:m/²/t/+/l/finishedlate/finileit/²/t/＋/m/dashedman/dmn/²/t/+/n/finishednow/fininu/²/t/+/w/dashedwith/dwi/²/t/+/j/smashedurope/sm`jurp/²/t/+/r/smashedresistance/smri`zistns//nd/+辅音²/nd/＋/p/lendpaperto/len`peiptu:/²/nd/＋/t/yearnedto/j\ntu:/²/nd/＋/k/lendcolourto/len`kl/²/nd/＋/f/foundfive/faunfaiv/²/nd/＋/s/plannedstrategy/plnstrtidi/²/nd/＋//lendthermos/len:ms/²/nd/＋//athousandships/ausnips/²/nd/＋/t/athousandchairs/ausntz/²/nd/＋/b/bendback/benbk/²/nd/＋/d/athousanddollars/ausndls/²/nd/＋/g/shinedglass/aingla:s/²/nd/＋/v/compoundverb/kmpaunvb/²/nd/＋/z/athousandzooms/ausnzu:mz/²/nd/＋//lendthenametosb/lenineim/²/nd/＋/h/athousandhats/ausnhts/²/nd/＋/d/athousandjudges/ausnddiz/第5页²/nd/＋/l/lend-lease/lenli:s/²/nd/＋/m/tinnedmeat/tinmi:t/²/nd/＋/n/lendnow/lennau/²/nd/＋/w/lendoneselfto/lenwn`selftu:/²/nd/＋/j/lendyou/lenju:/²/nd/＋/r/athousandriddles/ausnridlz//ld/+辅音²/ld/＋/p/mildpunishment/mail`pnimnt/²/ld/＋/t/yieldto/ji:ltu:/²/ld/＋/k/buildcastles/bilk:slz/²/ld/＋/f/buildfor/bilf:/²/ld/＋/s/fieldstudy/fi:lstdi/²/ld/＋//pulledthrough/pu:lru:/²/ld/＋//coldshower/k`au/²/ld/＋/t/spoiledchild/spiltaild/²/ld/＋/b/chilledbeef/tilbi:f/²/ld/＋/d/builddown/bildaun/²/ld/＋/g/oldgirl/lg:l/²/ld/＋/v/oldvalley/l`vli/²/ld/＋/z