第一章1-1:已知:V=72cm3m=129.1gms=121.5gGs=2.70则:129.1121.56.3%121.5ssmmwm3333129.1*1017.9/72121.5452.77245271.0*27121.5*1020.6/72sssVssatwVssatsatmggKNmvmVcmVVVcmmVmgggKNmVV3320.61010.6/121.5*1016.9/72satwsdsatdKNmmgKNmV则1-2:已知:Gs=2.72设Vs=1cm3则33332.72/2.722.72*1016/1.72.720.7*1*1020.1/1.720.11010.1/75%1.0*0.7*75%0.5250.52519.3%2.720.5252.721.sssddsVwwrwwVrwswsgcmmgmggKNmVmVggKNmVKNmmVSgmwmmmggV当S时,3*1019.1/7KNm1-3:3477777331.70*10*8*1013.6*1013.6*10*20%2.72*1013.6*102.72*10850001.92*10sdwsswmVkgmmwkgmmVm挖1-4:甲:33334025151*2.72.7*30%0.81100%0.812.70.811.94/10.8119.4/2.71.48/1.8114.8/0.81pLPsssswrwVwswswsdswddvsIwwVmVgmgSmVmmgcmVVgKNmmgcmVVgKNmVeV设则又因为乙:33333812.682.68*22%0.47960.47962.680.47962.14/10.47962.14*1021.4/2.681.84/1.47961.84*1018.4/0.4796pLpsssswsVswsVsdswddVsIwwVmVgmmwgVcmmmgcmVVgKNmmgcmVVgKNmVeV设则则乙甲dd乙甲ee乙甲ppII乙甲则(1)、(4)正确1-5:1swdGe则2.7*1110.591.7022%*2.7185%0.59swdsrGewGSe所以该料场的土料不适合筑坝,建议翻晒,使其含水率降低。1-6:minmaxmaxmin()()dddrdddD式中Dr=0.73max1.96/dgcm3min1.46/dgcm则可得:31.78/dgcm1-7:设S=1,则sVShh则压缩后:2.7sssmVGh2.7*28%wsmmwh则2.7*28%2.7*28%1.95swVVhh则1.11hcm2.01.110.89Vhcm0.890.81.11VVsVheVh1-8:甲:45251.334025pLLpwwIww流塑状态乙:20250.334025pLLpwwIww坚硬(半固态)15pLpIww属于粉质粘土(中液限粘质土)乙土较适合作天然地基1-9:0.00253360.310.7555pIAP甲甲甲属非活性粘土0.00270351.31.2527pIAP乙乙乙属活性粘土乙土活动性高,可能为伊利石,及少量的高岭石,工程性质乙土的可能较第二章2-1解:根据渗流连续原理,流经三种土样的渗透速度v应相等,即ABCvvv根据达西定律,得:CABABCABChhhRRRLLL::1:2:4ABChhh又35ABChhhcm5,10,20ABChcmhcmhcm31*10/AAAhVkcmsL3**t=0.1cmVVA加水2-2解:12.7011.076110.58scrGie2-3解:(1)土样单位体积所受的渗透力201*1*9.8*6.5330whjrNL(2)12.7211.055110.63scrGie200.66730hiLcrii则土体处于稳定状态,不会发生流土现象(3)当crii时,会发生流土破坏,crhiL即时*30*1.05531.65crhLicm水头差值为32cm时就可使土样发生流土破坏2-4解:(1)6,7.5,6.752ACACBhhhmhmhm3**3.675/wwrhjrikNml(2)若要保持水深1m,0.625hiL而86320*10*1.5*10*0.6251.875*10/QAkvms故单位时间内抽水量为631.875*10/ms2-5:解:11sssatwGeGeee,而11scrGie(1)1111sscrsatGeeGeiee又satsat砂层粘土,故只考虑sat粘土就可以312.0411.04/crsatigcm粘土又7.5(3)4.533crhhhiL则1.38h故开挖深度为6m时,基坑中水深至少1.38m才能防止发生流土现象2-6:解:(1)地基中渗透流速最大的不为在等势线最密集处,故在第二根流线上(51)0.2671161HHmhmNn0.2670.40.667hiL341*10*0.44*10/vkicms(2)0.2670.10682.5hiL均均1211crsati则crii均故地基土处于稳定状态(3)5525*1*10*0.2671.335*10/qMqMkhms2-7:解:(1)3.6Hm,3.60.2571414Hhm443236*1.8*10*0.2572.776*10/1.666*10/minqMqMkhmsm(2)18.5110.8889.8satcrwwrrirr0.2570.5140.5hiL,故crii,不可能发生流土破坏0.8881.730.514crsiFi第三章土体中的应力计算3-1:解:41.0m:1111.70*10*351sHkpa40.0m:212251(1.901.0)*10*160ssHkpa38.0m:323360(1.851.0)*10*277ssHkpa35.0m:434477(2.01.0)*10*3107ssHkpa水位降低到35.0m41.0m:151skpa40.0m:2122511.90*10*170ssHkpa38.0m:3233701.85*10*188.5ssHkpa35.0m:434488.51.82*10*3143.1ssHkpa3-2:解:偏心受压:maxmin0.267006*0.2(1)(1)78.4101061.6empepkNBBpkN由于是中点,故costan1.097sincsHFFHJz(m)n=z/B均布荷载p=61.6三角形荷载p16.8水平附加应力总附加应力σ(kPa)KσKσ0.10.010.99961.53840.58.4069.938410.10.99761.41520.4988.3664069.781620.20.97860.24480.4988.3664068.611240.40.88154.26960.4417.4088061.678460.60.75646.56960.3786.3504052.9280.80.64239.54720.3215.3928044.941010.54933.81840.2754.62038.4384121.20.47829.44480.2394.0152033.46141.40.4225.8720.213.528029.42020.30618.84960.1532.5704021.423-3:解:(1)可将矩形分为上下两部分,则为2者叠加,LzmnBB,查表得K,2*zoK(2)可将该题视为求解条形基础中线下附加应力分布,上部荷载为50kN/m2的均布荷载与100kN/m2的三角形荷载叠加而成。3-4:解:只考虑B的影响:用角点法可分为4部分,111111.5,0.5LzmnBB,得10.2373K222223,1LzmnBB,得20.2034K333332,1LzmnBB,得30.1999K444441,1LzmnBB,得40.1752K21234()2.76/zKKKKkNm只考虑A:为三角形荷载与均布荷载叠加1,1mn,211110.1752,0.1752*10017.52/zKKkNm222220.0666,0.066*1006.6/zKKkNm21224.12/zzzkNm则22.7624.1226.88/zkNm总3-6:解:(1)不考虑毛细管升高:深度z(m)σ(kN/m2)u(kN/m2)σ'(kN/m2)0.516.8*0.5=8.408.4216.8*2=33.6033.6433.6+19.4*2=72.42*9.8=19.652.88(上)72.4+20.4*4=1546*9.8=58.895.28(下)72.4+20.4*4=15410*9.8=985612154+19.4*4=231.614*9.8=137.294.4(2)毛细管升高1.5m深度z(m)σ(kN/m2)u(kN/m2)σ'(kN/m2)0.516.8*0.5=8.49.8*(-1.5)=(-14.7)23.128.4+19.4*1.5=37.5037.5437.5+19.4*2=76.32*9.8=19.656.78(上)76.3+20.4*4=157.96*9.8=58.899.18(下)76.3+20.4*4=157.910*9.8=9859.912157.9+19.4*4=235.514*9.8=137.298.33-7:解:点号σ(kN/m2)u(kN/m2)σ'(kN/m2)A2*9.8=19.62*9.8=19.60B19.6+2*20=59.65.5*9.8=53.95.7C59.6+2*20=99.67.5*9.8=73.526.13-8:解:试件饱和,则B=1可得1130.5AuA3213()75/AuAkNm则水平向总应力33100/kNm有效应力33225/AukNm竖直向总应力3112150/kNm有效应力31275/AukNm3-10:解:(1)粉质粘土饱和,2.7,26%sGw32.7/sgcm(1)swssssssmmmVVwVw(1)wsswsswwmVVVVVw3(1)2/1ssatswwmgcmVw由图可知,未加载前M点总应力为:竖直向:21121.8*10*22*10*396/HHkNm砂砂粉粘粉粘孔隙水压力为:2121.0*10*330/wuHkNm有效应力:2166/ukNm水平向:21010.6*6639.6/xKkNm21130/xuukNm,211169.6/xxxukNm(2)加荷后,M点的竖直向附加