高考英语语法易错点归纳

1高考英语语法易错点归纳第一讲定语从句一、只能用that引导定语从句的情况：1．先行词是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,all,much,many,alot,few,little,none等时。如：Hewassohungrythatheateupeverythingthatwasputinfrontofhim.Hesawmuchthatwasbad.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.2．先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时。如：HeisthefirststudentthatIgottoknowinthisschool.ThiswillbethelastthingthatIwilldo.3．先行词被最高级修饰或先行词本身就是最高级时。如：ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseenthisyear.ThisbookisthemostexpensivethatIhaveboughtsofar.4．先行词被all,every,some,next,any,no,many,much,theonly,thevery等修饰时。如：HeistheverymanthatIamafter.5．一些以who,which开头的句子，为了避免重复，也要用that作关系代词。如：Whichisthebookthatyouhavejustpaidfor?Whoisthepersonthatyouarelookingfor?6．先行词既指人也指物时。如：Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwestillremembered.7．theway用作先行词时，引导词用that或inwhich，也可省略，但不能用which。如：Thisistheonlyway（that/inwhich）youcanworkoutthisproblem.8.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句)。如：Mr.Smithstilltalkslikethemanthathewastenyearsago.二、只能用which引导定语从句的情况：1．在引导非限定性定语从句，且which指代前面的整个句子时。这一用法是高考的一个热点。如：Maryfailedintheexamination,whichworriedhermotheralot.2．在介词的后面只能用关系代词which来指代前面表示物的名词。如：Iboughtalotofbooksyesterday,mostofwhichareinEnglish.三、as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：1．从句意上讲，as引导的非限定性定语从句通常表示“正如……，正像……的那样”；而which引导非限定性定语从句时指代前面整个句子的内容。如：TaiwanispartofChina,asisknowntoall.Chinaismakingrapidprogress,aseverybodycansee.Marydidn’tpassthedrivingtest,whichmadeherverysad.2．从位置上讲，as引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句子的前面、后面，甚至可放在这个句子的中间。因为，实质上，as引导的非限定性定语从句是一个插入语，用来对一个句子进行附加说明。故它在句中的位置比较灵活；而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。如：Asismentionedabove,ourschoolstillcallsformanyskilledteachers.Heislateagain,asisoftenthecase.Manypeople,asyouknow,arelearningforeignlanguages.2Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.3．从搭配上讲，as引导的非限定性定语从句中的谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词。如：see,hear,know,expect,guess,hope,remember等；而which引导的非限定性定语从句中的谓语动词则没有这样的特点。如：Theweatherturnedoutfine,aswehadexpected.ShewasveryfondofspeakingFrench,whichindeedshespokewell.四、“介词+关系代词”结构：“介词+关系代词”也是历年来各省市高考的一个热点。对于这个结构应重点把握如下几点：1．关于“名词+ofwhich/whom”结构。这种结构表示一种所属关系，在名词的前面通常有定冠词修饰。这个结构常常可以转化为“whose+名词”结构。如：Thehouse,thegateofwhichfacessouth,belongstotheSmiths.＝Thehouse,whosegatefacessouth,belongstotheSmiths.Mr.Smith,thehouseofwhomwasrobbed,reportedittothepolice.＝Mr.Smith,whosehousewasrobbed,reportedittothepolice.2．关于“数词+ofwhich/whom”结构（数词还可以被some,many,most,each等不定代词替换）。在这个结构中，介词of表示一种部分与全体的关系。这时，其中的数词可以后置，放在关系代词which或whom的后面，构成“ofwhich/whom+数词”的结构。这时的介词of不可换成其他任何介词。如：Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.＝Thebuses，ofwhichmostwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd．Imetsomeforeignersyesterday,twoofwhomarefromtheUS.=Imetsomeforeignersyesterday,ofwhomtwoarefromtheUS.注意区别：Imetsomeforeignersyesterday,andtwoofthemarefromtheUS.Imetsomeforeignersyesterday.TwoofthemarefromtheUS.3．关于“介词+关系代词”结构。非限定性定语从句的关系代词前如果带有一个介词时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)。如：Mr.Green,forwhommoneyisnotaproblemnow,stilllivesasimplelife.Theyarrivedatasmalltown,fromwhichitisonlyashortwaytoShanghai.且which和whose还可修饰一个名词，作这个名词的定语。如：Hegottothestationatfiveyesterdayafternoon,bywhichtimethetrainstoBeijinghadallleft.ThisisMr.Brown,bywhosecarIcametoNewYork.五、当表示时间、地点、原因、方式的名词作先行词时，不能一概用关系副词when,where,why或“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句。若引导词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词或“介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句；若引导词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，则应用关系代词引导定语从句。试比较下面的句子：1)I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithmyteacher.(that/which在定语从句中作宾语)2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhen(=onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy.(when在定语从句中作时间状语)1)Thisisthereasonwhichhegavemefordoingit.(which在定语从句中作宾语)2)Doyouknowthereasonwhyhecamelate?(why在定语从句中作原因状语)1)Youcanseethewayinwhichhismindworkswhenhereadshisbooks.(inwhich在定语从句中作方式状语)2)Isthereanywaythatcanbefoundtosolvetheproblem?(that在定语从句中作主语)1)Itisthehousethatwasbuilttwoyearsago.(that在定语从句中作主语)32)ItisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where在定语从句中作状语)小结如下：1、先行词是表示时间的名词时，如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词when/介词+which；如果在从句中作动词或介词的宾语，则用which或that。如：①Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichweworkedtogether.（work是不及物动词）②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（spent是及物动词）③Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichwespentonestogether.（spent是及物动词,但其后已有宾语ones）解析：在句①中，表示时间的名词thedays在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词thedays；而在句②中，表示时间的名词thedays在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which来代指。2、同样，先行词表示地点的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where/介词+which或；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。如：①Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichIworked.（作状语）②Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedyearsago.（作宾语）（visit是及物动词）③Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichIvisitedityearsago（作状语）（visit是及物动词,但其后已有宾语it）六、定语从句与强调句型的区别：定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词在所引导的从句中作某种成分，而强调句中的that或who在句中不作任何成分。特别注意：强调句与定语从句、状语从句等的混合使用。如：①ItwastheparkwhereImetherfirsttime.(where引导地点状语从句，it指代地点)②ItwasintheparkthatImetherfirsttime.(that引导强调句)③Itwassixo’clockwhenwegothomeyesterdayafternoon.(when引导时间状语从句，it指代时间)④Itwasatsixo’clockthatwegothomeyesterdayafternoon.(that引导强调句)⑤---Wheredidyoumetherfirsttime?---ItwasintheparkwhereweusedtodomorningexercisethatImetherfirsttime.(where引导定语从句，that引导强调句)⑥---Whendidthecouplesfindtheirlostson?---Itwasonthemorningwhenyouwenttoschoolthattheyfoundtheirson.(when引导定语从句，that引导强调句)七、定语从句与同位语从句的区别：引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语或表语时可以省略，而引导同位语从句的t