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1宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语主句宾语从句宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后：Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语从句的概念：从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词、形容词之后。WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句分类:根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类:1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.that的省略：e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus.2Askhimwhether(if)hecancome.Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.Couldyoutellmewhether(if)MrLiliveshere?只用whether的情况：1.在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时：主语从句:Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.表语从句：Thequestioniswhetheritistrue.(为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.）Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptitconfusesus.2.用在动词不定式之前时(whethertodosth.)：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.Idon’tknowwhethertogothereatonce.3.当与ornot连用，或or提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.在介词或discuss后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.注意：只能用if不能用whether的情况1.引导条件状语从句Ifherunsfast,he’llgetthereontime.I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.2.引导否定的宾语从句Tellmeifitisnotgoingtorain,please.if/whether用法巧记:两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。下列情况用whether,主表不定式or(not)。作为讨论介词宾,此时if不可跟。还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。练习：选择if/whether。1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.三、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能放在主语前面。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：3What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whoisoverthere？Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?注意：否定前移若主句谓语动词为think,guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：IthinkTomcannotswim.正：Idon’tthinkTomcanswim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,isn’the?Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?(1)．Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法：我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell,doesit?我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？Idon'tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday，willyou?我认为你今天无法完成工作,是吗？四、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedthere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenthemovie.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.4Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.Mr.Litoldmethesunrisesintheeast.练习：1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)宾语从句巧记法：宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。1.时态问题时态问题看主句，现在时态可随意。过去时态用过去，客观情况要注意，主过从现要切记。2.引导词问题引导词,并不难，主句含义最关键。主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。主表疑问不确定，另类词,要使用。从句句意若完整，if/whether不可省。从句若是缺成分，特殊(疑)问词来过问。3.语序问题还有一项是语序，陈述语序要切记。如何对它来判断，助动莫放主语前重点：1.从句中的语序为陈述语序；Doyouknowhowoldisshe?(应改为：…howoldsheis)2.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。Shedidn’ttellmewhenshewillcome.(应改为：…whenshewouldcome)3.转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?难点：1.宾语从句中的It可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.5Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Ithinkitnousecrying.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加itIhateitwhentheyarewiththeirmouthsfulloffood.PleaseseetoitthatthedoorisclosedDon'ttakeitforgrantedthatwehelpyou.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.(1).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what(2).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited2.宾语从句中的虚拟1)suggest,order,insist,propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，s