中考语法：定语从句的用法归纳

定语从句AttributiveClauseI本章要点1.定语从句的基本要素2.定语从句和关系代词3.定语从句和关系副词4.关系代词和关系副词之间的关系5.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句6.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句II定语从句语法点分述一、基本要素1.概念：如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词3.关系词（关系代词或者副词）：引导定语从句Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.从不犯错误的人一事无成。Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.─Hamilton.最厉害的将军错误犯得最少。Hethattravelsfarknowsmuch.行万里者，见多识广。Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.1.定语从句：_____________________________________2.先行词：_____________________________________3.关系词：_____________________________________♥Attention♥如何选择关系代词？关系代词的作用是什么？二、关系代词1.定语从句关系代词：先行词是人先行词是物作主语who/thatwhich/that作宾语(who/whom/that)(which/that)作定语whosewhose★小试身手★1)Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.who在定语从句中作_________2)Theteacher(who/whom/that)youwanttoseeiscoming.who在定语从句中作_________3)Imetaboywhosefatherwasanastronaut.whose在定语从句中作_________4)Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadeforyou.which在定语从句中作_________5)Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.which在定语从句中作_________6)Hehasabookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isverybeautiful.whose在定语从句中作_________2.关系代词的作用1)________________________________________2)________________________________________3)________________________________________★小试身手★(1)用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。1)Theman__________youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.2)Theman__________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.3)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof__________Ihadevermetbefore.4)That'sthenewmachine__________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2)用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。1)Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2)Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.(3)用whose将下列句子两句并一句。1)Themangavemeareward.Ifoundandreturnedhiswallet.2)Parentsareusuallyveryproud.Theirchildrengraduatefromcollege.3)TheteacherwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.Itookhisclasslastsemester.♥Attention♥whose后面一定要加一个名词,然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。3.只能使用that作关系代词的情况：a.先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.b.先行词前有last,next,only,very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。Thisisthemostinterestingfilm(that)wasshownlastweek.Thisisthesecondcomputer(that)myfatherhasjustbought.c.当先行词既有人，又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpeoplethatthetremembered.d.当主语是who的疑问句:Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?♥Attention♥以下情况时，who不与that通用。a)先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。b)当先行词有较长定语时用who。ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.c)一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.d)在therebe开头的句中用who。Thereisaprettygirloutsidewhowantstoseeyou.★小试身手★(1)填空1)Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenhim.2)Theonlygames______Iplayarefootballandtennis.3)Heistheonlystudent______understandsEnglish.(2)翻译1)他们唯一能做的事就是等待。2)这正是你昨天买的笔。三、关系副词1.定语从句关系副词表示时间when表示地点where表示原因why♥Attention♥判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语，那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。a.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.b.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.Iwouldliketoliveinacountrythatisfullofnaturalbeauty.c.why指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonthathetoldussurprisedusverymuch.★小试身手★1)Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?2)Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?3)Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.4)Idon’tknowthereason______hecamesolate.5)Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.6)Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.7)Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.8)Theyhavereachedthepoint_____theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.四、关系代词和关系副词之间的关系试观察下列句子：Thisisthedaywhenwemet.Thisistheday_____wemet.Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplacewhereitbelongs.Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplace_______itbelongs.总结：关系副词=介词+关系代词★小试身手★连词成句1)gowerewantbacktotheIplacebornmywheregrandparentsto.2)refusedhelpreasonwhytheheusisthisto?(forwhich)1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句a.直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousrunner.Theservicethestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.HeisalibraryassistantIborrowedsomebooks.b.直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，关系代词可省。Theman(who/that/whom)youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner.Themanyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.Heisalibraryassistant(whom/that/who)Iborrowedsomebooksfrom.HeisalibrarianIborrowedsomebooks.c.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：Heisthestudent(who/whom/that)theteachersarelookingfor.Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.2.关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名词结构；of表所属关系。Iliveinaroomareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomareallbroken.★小试身手★1.填入“介词＋关系代词（即介词+which/whom）：1)Theship,________theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.2)Thefamily____IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.3)Hehaswrittenabook,thename_______Ihavecompletelyforgotten.4)Itisafamilyof8children,all__arestudyingmusic.5)Thetown,_________theyc