简单句的五大基本句型

专题四：简单句的五大基本句型英语的基本成分有六种：主语、谓语、宾语\表语、状语和定语。基本句型一：（主＋谓）基本句型二：（主＋谓\系＋表）基本句型三：（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）学.科.网类型1：主语+谓语（不及物vi.）主语(名\代)谓语句义1Fireburns.火燃烧。2TherainStopped.雨停了。不及物动词(vi)本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语学.科.网但有时可有副词，介词短语，分词，状语从句等修饰谓语动词学.科.网主语谓语状语1Heworkshard.2Themachineworkssmoothly.3Sheisworkingnow.主语谓语状语(不定式/分词)1Westoppedtohavearest.2shestoodtherebegging3Heranfollowedbyadog.类型2:主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语学.科.网主语谓语宾语(名/代)1Hecuthisfinger.2Theycarriedoutit.3Wehavealreadyhadbreakfast.及物动词（vt.）不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语才能使意思完整.主语谓语宾语(不定式)1Ipromisedtohelpthem.2Theydecidednottogo.3Shewondershowtodoit.2Wedidn’tknowwhentogothere.1.2两个例句中这类动词有attempt,help,want,agree,dare,decide,need,desire,expect,intend,learn,offer,promise…等主语谓语宾语(动名词)1Heenjoysplayingchess.2Isuggestedchangingit3Theyremembereddoingit.用于这一结构的V有：advise,finish,mind(介意),suggest,enjoy,avoid（避免）,consider（考虑）,can’thelp（情不自禁）等学.科.网主语谓语宾语从句1Ihope(that)youwillcomehere.2Shedoesn’tcarewhattheothersthink.3Iwonderwhyyoucomehere4Wesuppose(that)youwillbethere.类型3:主语+谓\系+表语系动词后需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语系动词：①一个be，两个似乎（seem,appear）,以及其它感官动词②状态延续→remain,stay,continue,stand,keep（仍然，保持）③状态变化→become,get,turn,go,fall,run,grow,come(变得)主语系动词表语1Thisisabook.2Theyarehard-working.3Theboylooksasmartboy4Theroombecamecrowdedsoon.5Theshopstaysopenuntil12:00类型4：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语A主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语1Igavemyfriendthemoney.2Heofferedmesomeusefulbooks3Theyshowedtheirteachersomepictures4Theytoldusthenews.此类句型中，Vt后必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。主语谓语直接宾语to间接宾语1Igavethemoney.tomyfriend2Heofferedsomeusefulbookstome3Theyshowedsomepicturestotheirteacher4Theytoldthenews.tousB主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语1Iboughtmymotheragoldwatch.2Shemadeherselfanewdress3Ileftmybabysomefood4Theysavedmesomemoney.主语谓语直接宾语for间接宾语1Iboughtagoldwatch.formymother2Shemadeanewdressforherself3Ileftsomefoodformybaby4Theysavedsomemoney.forme用to表动作的方向，“朝着，对着”用for表动作的受益者，“为了，替”常跟双宾语的Vt有：（to）：bring,give,lend,offer,promise,send,show,teach,tell,ask,sell,write,return,leave,hand…(for)：buy,call,find,get,make,choose,order,do,…eg.Sheboughtmeabeautifulskirt.→Sheboughtabeautifulskirtforme.类型5：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，动词不定式或分词来补充说明宾语。e.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.Hegothisshoesdirty.Thenewsmadeusexcited.Iaskedhertoopenthewindow.Hewantsmetocomeearly.Theybelievedhim(tobe)innocent.Weconsiderher(tobe)honest.Imadehimfinishthejob.Youmustn’tletthematterresthere.在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，lookat(看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.Isawhimrunningoff.Ismeltsomethingburning.Youmustgetyourhaircut.Shehadanewcapmade.提示：现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。句子成分口诀主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚，主要成分主谓宾，附加成分定状补，定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。【巩固提高练习】1.Thetrainiscoming2.WealllikeEnglish.3.Dannylookshappy.主谓主谓宾主系表4.Momgavemeapresent.5.Thestorymakesmelaugh.6.Theyworkhard.双宾语宾补主谓状7.Theflowerisdead.8.Plantsneedwater.9.Hegavemesomeseeds.主谓主谓宾双宾语10.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.11.Manyanimalsliveintrees.12.Theworkersareworkinghard.主谓宾状主谓状主谓状(二)并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的连词有and,but,ornotonly...butalso,neither...nor,either...or(1)并列连词的选用。(2)并列连词与从属连词的区别。【例1】Johnlikeswalkingintheopenair,.[2001吉林]A.sodoesTomB.alsodoesTomC.tomlikesalsoD.soTomdoes典型例题解析【例3】Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,?［2002福州］A.bethereB.isthereC.willthereD.won'tthereA【例2】Jokebrokehisleg，_______?［2001南京］A.didheB.didn'theC.doyouD.don'tyouBD【例4】NeitherhenorI_________fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.［2002A.isB.areC.amD.be典型例题解析C【例5】Thereisalotof_________inthebox［2002A.cakeB.bagsofcakesC.milkD.bagsofmilkC1.Wecan'tlive_________water.A.withB.hasC.haven'tD.without2.Wemusthurry，_______wewillbelateforschool.A.andB.orC.butD.if3._________you_________shearelikeEnglish.A.Both...andB.Neither...norC.Either...orD.Notonly...butalso4.Thenumberofthestudents_________50.A.areB.amC.isD.have5.Hewastired,_________hestillwentonworking.A.andB.butC.orD.also课时训练(D)(B)(A)(C)(B)课时训练6._________Lily_________Lucycangowithyou.Becauseoneofthemmustlookaftertheirmotherathome.A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...andD.Noonly...butalso7._________ismadeof_________.A.Glasses，glassesB.Aglass，glassC.Glasses，glassesD.Aglass，glasses8.Weareverytired,weshouldhave_________rest.A.halfanhourB.anhourC.halfahour'sD.anhour's9.Iheardher_________inthenextroom.A.singingB.sangC.gosingD.sing(B)(B)(A)(D)10.—Iusuallyhavebreakfastathome.—_________.A.SohaveIB.SodoIC.IhavesoD.Idoso11.Openthedoor，_________?A.willyouB.won'tyouC.don'tyouD.doyou12.Hefound_________interestingtolearnEnglish.A.itB.thisC.thatD.those课时训练(B)(B)(A)13.—Youusuallyplayfootballafterschool,don'tyou?—_________.ButtodayIwanttoreadEnglish.A.Yes，IdoB.No,Idon'tC.No,Idon'tD.No，Ido14._________goodweatheritistoday!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata15.—Hehasn'tfinishedtheworkyet,hashe?—_________.Hefinishedityesterday.A.Yes,hehasB.No,hehasn'tC.Yes,hehasn'tD.No,hehas16.—Let'stalkaboutthepicture,_________?A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallweD.shan'twe课时训练(A)(A)(A)(C)17.—It'sabeautiful