中西翻译简史-第一讲

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中西翻译简史李春暨南大学翻译学院2018HistoryofTranslationinChinaandtheWestLecture1IntroductionEarlyStageofChineseTranslationHistoryofTranslationinChinaandtheWestIntroductionSignificanceAgendaReferenceBooksEvaluationSignificanceWhatcantranslationhistory(TH)tellus?•events•figures•activities•works•theories•experiences•development•rules•history•cultureinTHofTHSignificanceWhatcanTHoffer?knowledgeexperiencespiritSection1:ChineseTranslationHistoryAgendaLect1:EarlyStageofChineseTHLect2:BuddhistSutraTranslationfromHantoTangLect3:OtherTranslationsfromHantoTangLect4:JesuitTranslationsinMingandQingLect5:LateImperialTranslation:Science,Humanities,LiteratureLect6:EarlyRepublicTranslation:Literature,Marxism,HumanitiesLect7:LateRepublicTranslation:GreatFiguresLect8:CommunistChinaTranslationSection2:WesternTHLect9:BibleTranslationastheHeraldLect10:MiddleAgeTranslation:Religion,Academics,andLiteratureLect11:RenaissanceTranslationLect12:ModernTranslation:LiteratureLect13:Cold-warTranslation:BetweenCapitalistandSocialistLect14:CurrentTranslation:LinguisticTheoryLect15:CurrentTranslation:CommunicationTheoryLect16:CurrentTranslation:CulturalTheoryAgendaReferencebooks1.《翻译简史》(ABriefHistoryofTranslation),孙迎春主编,天津教育出版社,2011年。2.《中外翻译简史》,高华丽编著,浙江大学出版社,2009年。3.《中西翻译简史》,谢天振等著,外语教学与研究出版社,2009年。4.《中国翻译简史》,马祖毅著,中国对外翻译出版公司,1998年。5.《西方翻译简史》,谭载喜著,商务印书馆,2004年。EvaluationParticipation(30%)Final(70%)Lecture1:EarlyStageofTranslationinChinaAnOverviewofHistory1.Prehistory1.1Paleolithic1.2Neolithic2AncientChina2.1Xiadynasty(c.2100–c.1600BC)2.2Shangdynasty(c.1600–1046BC)Note:WrittenrecordsofthehistoryofChinacanbefoundfromasearlyas1200BCundertheShangdynasty.2.3Zhoudynasty(1046–256BC)2.4SpringandAutumnperiod(722–476BC)2.5WarringStatesperiod(476–221BC)3ImperialChina3.1Qindynasty(221–206BC)3.2Handynasty(202BC–AD220)3.3ThreeKingdomsandWesternJin(AD265–316)3.4SixteenKingdomsandEasternJin(AD304–439)3.5SouthernandNorthernDynasties(AD420–589)3.6Suidynasty(AD589–618)3.7Tangdynasty(AD618–907)3.8FiveDynastiesandTenKingdoms(AD907–960)3.9Song,Liao,Jin,andWesternXiadynasties(AD960–1234)3.10Yuandynasty(AD1271–1368)3.11Mingdynasty(AD1368–1644)3.12Qingdynasty(AD1644–1911)4RepublicanChina4.1RepublicofChina(1912–1949)4.2People'sRepublicofChina(since1949)16中国历史朝代表三皇五帝始,尧舜禹相传。夏商与西周,东周分两段。春秋和战国,一统秦两汉。三分魏蜀吴,二晋前后延。南北朝并立,隋唐五代传。宋元明清后,皇朝自此完。AnOverviewofTranslationHistory1.Firstsection:earlystagefromthebeginningto147AC.2.Secondsection:firstsummitfrom147-453ACBuddhistsutratranslation3.Thirdsection:thesecondsummitLateMingtoearlyQingDynastytranslationofscienceandtechnologybyJesuits(耶稣会士)4.Thefourthsection:ModernperiodTranslationintheearlystageBackgroundNationalitiesCommunicationsNationalitiesPrehistoricPeriod1.Paleolithic(from3millionto10thousandyearsago)thedevelopmentofthemostprimitivestonetoolsRelics:about60inBeijing,Shanxi,Liaoning,Shaanxi,Gansu,Henan,Hubei,Guangdong,GuizhouTypical:BeijingZhoukoudianYunnanYuanmou2.Neolithic(from10thousandyearsagoto5,000yearsago)•refinedstonetools•makingfirebystone•mudbrickhouses•farming•animalhusbandryFourareas:•SouthChinaYangtzeRiver•HuanheRiver•NorthdesertandgrasslandTypical:•Hongshan•Majiayao•Yangshao•Dawenkou…2.AgeofMythandLegend:Pre-ShangDynasty2.1theageof“ThreeSovereignsandFiveEmperors”FuXi(伏羲)Shennong(神农)Suiren(燧人)YellowEmperor(黄帝)Zhuanxu(颛顼)EmperorKu(喾)EmperorYao(尧)EmperorShun(舜)2.AgeofMythandLegend:Pre-ShangDynasty2.1XiaDynasty(21Century16centuryBC)帝舜荐禹于天,为嗣。十七年而帝舜崩。三年丧毕,禹辞辟舜之子商均于阳城。天下诸侯皆去商均而朝禹。禹于是遂即天子位,南面朝天下,国号曰夏后,姓姒氏。(《史记·夏本纪》)君主:1、禹2、启3、太康4、仲康5、相6、少康7、杼8、槐(芬)9、芒(荒)10、泄(世)11、不降12、扃(局、禺)13、廑(胤甲)14、孔甲15、皋(吴、皋苟)16、发(发惠)17、履癸(桀)2.AgeofMythandLegend:Pre-ShangDynasty2.1XiaDynasty(21Century-16centuryBC)夏族产生夏者,大也。(《尔雅·释估》)冕服采装曰华,大国曰夏。(《尚书》)夏,大也,故大国曰夏。华夏,谓中国也。(《尚书正义》)2.AgeofMythandLegend:Pre-ShangDynastyLegendarynationalities:XiaorHuaxia(华夏):onthemiddleandlowerreachesofHuangheriverincentralChinaYiorDongyi(东夷):intheeastManorNanman(南蛮):inthesouthRongorXirong(西戎):inthewestDiorBeidi(北狄):inthenorthHuaorHuaxia,meanscenterandgrand2.AgeofMythandLegend:Pre-ShangDynastyinscriptiononoraclebonesandbronzewares殷偰(xiè),母曰简狄,有娀(sōng)氏之女,为帝喾次妃。三人行浴,见玄鸟堕其卵,简狄取吞之,因孕生偰。偰长而佐禹治水有功。帝舜乃命偰曰:“百姓不亲,五品不训,汝为司徒而敬敷五教。五教,在宽。”封于商,赐姓子氏。偰兴于唐、虞、大禹之际,功业著于百姓,百姓以平。3.ShangDynasty(1600-1046BC)商朝时民族:商:商、周、黎、孤竹等;鲁、齐、宋、虞、秦、楚等外民族:北方:土方、鬼方、邛方、犬戎、猃狁、薰育(Xūnyù)、狄等西方:西戎、氐、羌、昆夷等东方:夷、孟方、爵等南方:荆、庸、濮、蜀、微、越(粤)周后稷,名弃。其母有邰氏女,曰姜原。姜原为帝喾元妃。姜原出野,见巨人迹,心忻然,欲践之,践之而身动如孕者。居期而生子,以为不祥,弃之隘巷,马牛过者皆辟不践;徙置之林中,适会山林多人,迁之;而弃渠中冰上,飞鸟以其翼覆荐之。姜原以为神,遂收养长之。初欲弃之,因名曰弃。弃为儿时,屹如巨人之志。其游戏,好种树麻、菽。麻、菽美。及为成人,遂好耕农,相地之宜,宜谷者稼穑焉,民皆法则之。帝尧闻之,举弃为农师,天下得其利,有功。帝舜曰:“弃,黎民始饥,尔后稷播时百谷。”封弃于邰,号曰后稷,别姓姬氏。(《史记·周本纪》)4.ZhouDynasty(1046-256BC)周朝的民族:辨其邦国﹑都﹑鄙﹑四夷﹑八蛮﹑七闽﹑九貉﹑五戎﹑六狄之人民。(《周礼·夏官·职方》)4.ZhouDynasty(1046-256BC)4.ZhouDynasty(1046-256BC)周朝的民族:东方曰夷者,东方仁,好生,万物抵触地而出。夷者,抵也,其类有九:一曰玄菟,二曰乐浪,三曰高骊,四曰满饰(一作蒲饰),五曰凫臾,六曰索家,七曰东屠,八曰倭人,九曰天鄙。南方曰蛮者,君臣同川而浴,极为简慢。蛮者,慢也,其类有八:一曰天竺,二曰垓首,三曰僬侥,四曰跂踵,五曰穿胸,六曰儋耳,七曰狗轵,八曰旁脊。西方曰戎者,斩伐杀生,不得其中。戎者,凶也,其类有六:一曰侥夷,二曰戎夷,三曰老白,四曰耆羌,五曰鼻息,六曰天刚。北方曰狄者,父子叔嫂,同穴无别。狄者,辟也,其行邪辟,其类有五:一曰月支,二曰秽貊(mò),三曰匈奴,四曰单于,五曰白屋。(《白虎通·风俗通义》)4.ZhouDynasty(1046-256BC)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