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132.19936、(210024).、.,、.“”,。l(disereetelementmethod,DME)、。、(),。DEMCundan,P.A1971’2」,。,(、),,,,,。1978,Miain,T.Cundall,P.A,,TUDEC(unsversadisereteeement。ode)〔,J,。,CudnalltSrackaBn“」,,rDeshcer,,。〔7,,,;,。Willame,J.R,Hoekins,G1985T“”;Kawai=—i(rigdelementsPrign「1:19921109methd)[o,’2〕,,,。,,eBitt,,。,,;,。。2。1222d..,K.。/(l2:①,,;②(l);③,;④,,,,,(2);⑤MhoroCulomb。.22(3)。3I,l,,`(`)+。·,。`(`)(F+D)(l),。l;Dc;F()F)+F,。(J);0()·+C(Mhorcoulomb);。;l。,,3(),(44)。c,5J““`u(“`“`)`“〕〔`(“`“’)·’〕;「+(xc)·]〔+(xc)·。,〕(2)(5),{+“=.~.Slna(3〕.cosaù||J.1.(6o)~~~+++ddd...U、、.ql、Z、{:`”`’{。。“’,()。;,:;K.,K。、,(7)。6(6)G·aKKlseeeleeee、··7,E,G;。b。K,/.l~3,K,0,~10,ks/m〔,3〕,,,,3。2.2;K;,。tD.2,D.~c·(t)(7)。a·1n,。=a·I。1n,I,a2·,,。,,,,,f,,,。,,;,。,uCdnall,’3」,(8)。_(8)。;`;。,R0.5,;0.5,,;0.5,,。,,,。3.2.3aD。,,{~I/·:v~·K,·(9),,=2/,,f(7)。,,。3.2.4F0,,{L00,(10)nUnUF~}}·+c,MohrCoulombF=(·F+C)·sign(F)(1])L0,。(】1)sjgn(:),x0O:010`lesleeee.、、ngis()4,{’`l·+`{F:+“1nm.“(I`+a·I,·=M`(12)+`~[(:x·);。;·)〕MJeeeeser、||eese、,(13)(13)Fr=(+)eosa(+)·sina=(+)·sina+(+)·cOSa(14)3。,。。,。,。,,。,,=[“`+,“`,〕/=[“`+,+“`,]/2(15)(5)(12),`,)〔`,:)·(`“〔“·(1”(:+)〔“`)·(1·+·、/(,+·.)+(,).、〕/(;.)`“I,“(16)t、.M.`,,,.e、,-`)-7’」j.1`,7“,,△``+、:,、,。,。`=`+)=+·△·t(17),·!、lt+(){“`+“,“`’+“·“;`+“’“;`’+、,LO`+`,=0`,+(18),,8(」)(t)..`{l|2.,,,(22/、l(9),,△t(19),〔ZmintI’.)(20)I(..,,(21)t:Tmi。/10。:,△tt11n..(.(111,/K.)(21)2”x!(22),、、;。,,·()。Z;(、,)`。,(23),N。,n,。,y·6·,nl=(;,+D,),n·。a,n,`,(F,+。,)7Ig“’“,(24)(24),,,。,。55.1“”54,,“”。“”(g,,)。=2.0xlgc/m,tI’s=1.01079c/m,f:~0.80,fZ=0.60,f:0.45,0。95.2cudnall,.PA10(a),20。T(10(b),(e),(d),(。))。,,`],11.’5〕cimdau,P.A,。5.312。,,。’“。5.4.7.10(a)!(b)(e)l(d)!(e)}()1112(a).〔)b(、),。irg,L.TBrady,B.H,,,,〔.〕。〔.lJ。20J,,1。6,、。,,。。6.1,,,。Gansswlkjins」,(13(a))。*〔`,`,〕(25)。,。。△△,F。\`\13(a),.(b)}!,().().(26),。aLme,△a.eoJ.,2。.,,,,/[l(v)(IZv)〕;E/「2l(+〕,E,。,:.+2。,,,,,``FyM=I,g.dt{`idt(27)..!、leeeeeel|seLFN;J;.;:,;;M(13(b))。,」14,;L,,。6.2cundall,P.A’」,,,Kawia,。(1),·9·\\\ù,、。,,,,。,,、.,’。7,,,。,,、,。,:a.。,(、),,。b.。,;,,CPu。,:a.,();。b.,。c.,。1CunllP.A.Ameprmode1forsjmu1aringPrOgressivelargescalemomentsinblockyrocksystem·Proceed-ingoftheSymopisumoftheInternational`jetyofRoekMeehanics,I,perNo.8,19712CundallPA.Themensurementandanalysisofaecelerationinrcokslopes.Ph.D.Dserattion,Unjvesrityofndon,lmeprialcollegeofSClenceandTechnology,19713MainiT,uCnda1lPA.ComPutermodelingofoJintderoeknrass,(ADA06I658),19784CUndallPA.UDECAgenerallzdedjstinetelementPrranrformodellngjointdercok.RertCPAR180ePterCundallASScoiates,EuropenResaerehOffice,U.5.ArmyMareh19805cunIPA.BALLARosrmtomodeigranuarmdeiaussngthedtinetelementmeth.aomes.MooreAdvancTcehnologyGroup,oLndon,APril20,19786StracKO.D.L,Cundall,PA.Thedistinctelementmethasatoolforr~rehingranularma·rtl·】Pt.ofCivilandMineralEnneering,UniversityofMinnta,NatjonalcSienceoFundation,Novermber19787mosJV.AhybriddistinetelemeutcomPutationalmodelforthehalfPlane.M.5.Thesis,UniversityofMinnesoat,19838oLvig,LT.AhybridcomuPtationalmodelforexcavationandsuPoprtdesigninjointedmedia.Ph.d.Thesis,·10·UnivesrtyofMinnoseat,19849rLT,BradyBHG,cundaIP^.Hybriddistsnetelemenrbounryement,anal15orjoncork.Int.J.RcokMceh.Min.cSi、andGcomeeh.Atr.,23,303312,198610KawT.NewdiseretemdoeandtheiraPPlicationtocsismjerpon,analysisofstruetures,nuclearEnig-neerjnsand〔`lgn,vol.48,1978,207~22911awiT,oTiY.AnewelementindiseanalysisofalPnestarjnProblems.eSjasnKenkyU,1977,29(4):204~20712KawiaT.Anewdisereremoelforanal15ofsolidtnechanicsProbm.eSnkenkyn,1977,29(4):208~21013CUndailPA.AdatPjvedenyt“11ngfortimeexlPietcalenlations,Procedelnofthe4htInt.conf.onNum.MenGeoma。,Vol.J,JuneJ982.-,.:,199。15,.。,1990,12(5)16WllamsJ.R.jDcsreteelementanalysisofgranularmaterialunderdynamic10dng.NumricalMeth」sinGeomcen」CSInnsbruek,198817TaTsuoomachi.DynamiCfaitureofrockfillmodelssimulatedbythedstinetelemenrmethod.NumericalMethodingeomeehanics,Innsbruek,198818T.R.Butkovieh,0R.Walton,FEHeuez.InsighstineraterinsPhenmenologyProvidedbydiscreteelmenrmodelng.19,..,1987·20..,198621,..(!),198822WilkinsML.CaleulationofelasriePIjcflow.wreneeradiatjonboraory,Univ.ofCalif.,RarehRert,UCRL7322eRv.I,t96323..,:,1991.24WeiQun.MdoeUnsofdamfracturefailureusingthehybridcshemofdisereteelenrentandfiniteelementmethdo.PrcoeedingSoftheInt.Conf.onaDmFraeture,eolorado,199125,..,19;8(l):1~126,..,:,1990,65~7027..,!992,13(l)28,...1992,9(2)·!l·