高考英语-现在分词作状语

思维导图解读种类及物动词（write）不及物动词的主动语态（go）主动语态被动语态现在分词一般式完成式现在分词的形式（以go和write为例）意义：writingbeingwrittengoinghavingwrittenHavingbeenwrittenhavinggone1.v-ing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生2.having+v-ed与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词发生句法功能一·做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句二·原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。三·时间状语相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末四·条件状语相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首五·让步状语相当于although,though,evenif,eventhough引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首六·结果状语相当于sothat,so等引导的结果状语从句，常位于句末现在分词作状语学与练把划线部分改写成分词短语并说明其功能1.Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.*现在分词短语作时间状语2.Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.*现在分词短语作时间状语*Havingfinishedtheirhomework表现的动作在wenthome(),故用分词的().之前完成式3.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.4.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.*现在分词短语作原因状语WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.*现在分词短语作条件状语5.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.6.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.(并列句)*Feelingverytired,theykeptrunning.现在分词短语作让步状语Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.*现在分词短语作伴随状语现在分词语态时态否定逻辑主语惯用语从句转化独立主格被动主动语态doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendone语态看分词11.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,转化为分词作状语2.(scold)byhismother,theboyhunghishead.Beingscolded3.________(see)blackcloudscoveringthesky,hestoppedhisworkandwenthome.Seeing4.(praise)forhisjob,Tomworkedharder.Havingbeenpraised1.doing或者beingdone同时或几乎同时发生2.Havingdone或者havingbeendone先于主句的谓语动词之前发生1）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：havingdone2）.当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：havingbeendone时态看分词2注意如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.151.“Whatabeautifulgardenitis!”saidthegirl,______outofthewindow.A.lookingB.havinglookedC.tolookD.looked2._____alongway,BobbegantofeeltiredA.WalkingB.HavingwalkedC.TowalkD.walked3.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,IsuddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmywalletathome.A.TowaitB.WaitingC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited使用havingdone或havingbeendone的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或完成的时间状语，例如：before,already,foralongtime,manytimes等。窍门直接在分词前面加not1._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2._____thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.RealizingnotC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized否定的表达3分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。1）_____(see)fromthehill,wefindthecityverybeautiful.________（see）fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.2）________(look)athermother,hejumpedwithjoy.________(look)atbyhermother,hejumpedwithjoy.逻辑主语4SeeingSeenLookingLooked3)Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings4)Hesitatingwhattodo,________.Asolet’snotgooutingBthetourwascancelledCbutweshouldstilltakethetourDwehadtostayhome_________________,thetreesturnedgreen.春天来了_____________,we’llvisittheGreatWall.时间允许的话补独立主格结构在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构SpringcomingTimepermitting1.____Sunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.BeingB.ItisC.TherebeingD.Itbeing2.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_____（2012高考全国卷）A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit有些惯用的V-ing短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。generally/strictly//frankly/personallyspeaking一般来说/严格来说/坦率地说/就个人而言judgingfrom/by由...判断considering考虑到taking……intoconsideration考虑到supposing假如talking/speakingof提到……providing如果……Seeingthat…既然…评论性状语5Judgingfromhisappearance,heisawealthyman.从外表判断他是一位富翁。Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。1.分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。2.若状语从句与主句的主语相同时：1）去连词→2）去主语→3）动词变分词e.g.Ifyouturntotheright,you’llfindtheschool.→_________________，you’llfindtheschool._________________，andyou’llfindtheschool.Turningtotheright分词短语与状语从句转化6Turntotheright3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：1）去连词2）前面的主语留下3)动词→分词e.g.Asitwerefine,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.→_______________Iwentfishingwith…Itbeingfine,Notes:1.分词短语=连词+主语+V.e.g.Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.→______________________________ImetMary.Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.→____________________Istoppedto…WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,BecauseIwastired,2.分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词because,as等一定要省略。e.g.When(Iwas)mailingaletterinthepostoffice,ImetTom.Asshedidn’tknowwhattodo,shebegantocry.→____________________,shebegantocry.Notknowingwhattodo1).Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.IfyouuseyourheadIfyouworkhard条件状语练一练思考：如何改为祈使句2).Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.Notknowingheraddress,wecan’tgetintouchwithher.(原因)BecausehewaspoorAswedon’tknowheraddress3).Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor’sshop.时间WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.4)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.伴随状语Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.5).Hedidhishomeworkcarelessly,makingalotofmistakes.sohemadealotofmistakes结果辨析：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.(自然的或必然的结果)(意想不到的结果)EgFinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.更正①__________________