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1专项：情态动词一考点：情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。二类型：1只是情态动词：can,could,may,might,must2可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need,dare3可做情态动词，可做助动词：will,would,shall,should4特殊：haveto,oughtto,usedto三特征：1有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。2无人称和数的变化。（haveto除外）Eg:Hehastostayhere.3后接动词原形。4具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。四用法：1.can①表示能力，“能，会”。Eg:Canyouplaybasketball?②表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。Eg:Lihuacan’tbeintheclassroom.③表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”=may.Eg:youcangonow.④can开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或can’t.2.could①can的过去式，表示过去的能力。Eg:IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.②could开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could,couldn’t如果could表示现在的委婉，用can回答。Eg:CouldIhaveadrink?Yes,youcan.3.may①表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。Eg:Hemaycometomorrow.②表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg:MayIborrowyourbook?注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回答用mustn’t“不可以，禁止，不许”,不用maynot“可能不”。③表示祝愿。Eg:Mayyousuccess.4.might①表示“可以”，用于过去时中。Eg:HetoldmeImightsmokeintheroom.②用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。Eg:Hemightbedoinghislessonsnow.25.must①表示“必须，应该”。②表示推测，常用在肯定句中，表“一定”。Eg:Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.ItmustbeJim.③否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，“不允许”。④以must开头的疑问句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t,表示“不需要，不必”=“don’thaveto”.⑤表示“偏偏”。Eg:Mustyouplaythepianoatthistime.6.need①情态动词：+do,用need提问或回答，肯定句回答用must,否定句回答用needn’t.Eg:Youneedn’tcometoschoolsoearly.②实义动词：+todo,用助动词提问和否定。③+doing表示被动。④needn’thavedone表示没必要做某事但是做了。Eg:Iactuallyneedn’thaveboughtsomuchwine.7.dare①情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。Eg:I’mafraidyoudarenottodosuchathing.注：Idaresay习惯说成“也许，我想”。Eg:Itwillrainthisafternoon,Idaresay.②实义动词：daretodo,用于肯定句中，当用于否定句或疑问句时，to可以省略。Eg:Thisstudentdoesn’tdaretoraiseanyquestioninclass.8.shall①用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。Eg:ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwehavelunchhere?②表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”。Eg:Youshallfinishyourhomeworkfirst.③用于第三人称，在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”。（不常用）9.should①表示义务，责任“应该”。Eg:Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.②作为shall过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。Eg:MrLeeaskedifheshouldgethisvisa.③表示“竟然”。Eg:It’sunthinkablethattheboyshouldsingsuchabeautifulsong.④表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。Eg:HowshouldIknow?⑤表示劝告，建议，“应该”。Eg:Youshouldlistentoyourteacher.310.will①用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。Eg:Willyoupassmethebook?②表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。Eg:Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou.③表示规律性的“注定会”。Eg:Peoplewilldiewithoutairorwater.11.would①表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。Eg:Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?12.haveto①“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。Eg:I’llhavetoaskJiminstead.②区别：must表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。13.oughtto①表示职责，义务或要求，及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。Eg:Humansoughttostoppollutingnature.②比should语气强，oughtto反映客观情况，should表示主观看法。③oughttohavedone本应该做而没有做。Eg:Youarelate.Yououghttohavearrivedfiveminutesearlier.14.usedto①表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。否定形式：usedn’tto或didn’tuseto,疑问词将use提前或Did…useto…?Eg:Hedidn’tusetobesocareless.②区别would:带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。Usedto:客观性，和现在进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。Eg:HewouldphonemeonSunday.Eg:IusedtobeveryfondofmusicwhenIwasyoung.③区别：beusedtodoing（情态动词）习惯于…Usedtodo（情态动词）过去是，过去常常…Beusedtodo(过去式)被用来做…Eg:Iamalreadyusedtonoisycitylifehere.MyparentsusedtoliveinSouthAmerica.Thismachineisusedtocutupwastepaper.15.其他：⑴hadbetterdo最好做某事Eg:Youhadbetterstayathome.否定：hadbetternotdo⑵beableto与can表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。Eg:Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.4完形填空Haveyoueverseentheadvertisement:Learnaforeignlanguageinsixweeks,1giveyourmoneyback?Ofcourse,it2happensquitelikethat.Theonlylanguage3tolearnisthemotherlanguage.Andthink4practiceisneededforthat.BeforetheSecondWorldWarpeopleusuallylearnedaforeignlanguage5theliterature(文学)ofthecountry.Nowmostpeoplewantto6aforeignlanguage.Everyyearmillionsofpeoplestartlearning7.Howdotheydoit?Somepeopletryathome8booksandtapes,othersgotoeveningclassesorwatchTVprograms.9theyusethelanguageonly2or3timesaweek,learningitwill10alongtime,likelanguagelearningatschool.Afewpeopletrytolearnalanguagefastbystudyingfor6or11hoursaday.It'smucheasiertolearnthelanguageinthecountrywhereit12.Butmostpeopleare13todothis,andmanypeopledon'thavetodoso.Machinesandgoodbookswillbevery14,buttheycannotdothestudents'work.15thelanguageislearnedquicklyorslowly,itishardwork.()1.A.soB.orC.andD.but()2.A.can＇tB.impossibleC.neverD.often()3.A.easilyB.difficultC.ableD.easy()4.A.howmuchB.howlongC.howfastD.howmany()5.A.studiedB.tostudyC.studyingD.study()6.A.talkB.tellC.speakD.say()7.A.themB.thisC.thatD.it()8.A.withoutB.withC.inD.by()9.A.IfB.WhenC.SinceD.Until()10.A.spendB.useC.takeD.cost()11.A.someB.moreC.otherD.less()12.A.speaksB.isspeakingC.spokeD.isspoken()13.A.ableB.possibleC.unableD.notpossible()14.A.carefulB.forgetfulC.wonderfulD.helpful()15.A.eitherB.whetherC.whatD.how专题练习：一．选择题1.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would2.You______behungryalready----youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t3.----Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?----You____doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don’thavetoB.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’tD.can’t54.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe______notsmoke.Andhehasneversmokedeversince.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would5.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he______better.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone6.Liza______wellnotwanttogoonthetrip----shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may7.She______haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.