句子重音和语调

1句子重音和语调英语句子听起来之所以忽轻忽慢，忽升忽降，富有节奏感，主要是因为句子重音和语调的重要调节作用。一、句子重音在句子重音中，单词重音是认识和掌握句子重音的基础。单词一旦置于句子里，在语流中并不是所有的单词都像单独读音时读得那么响亮，只有其中部分词重读，部分词不重读。如：Itwasˈtooexˈpensiveformetoˈbuy.这个句子中只有三个词重读。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上。像前句中的expensive就属于这种情况。如何掌握句子重音的规律，判别句子重音是正确朗读英语句子的关键之一，应遵循的基本原则如下：在通常情况下，“实强虚弱”，即在一个英语句子中实词（notionalwords/contentwords）一般重读，虚词(formwords/functionwords)一般弱读。名词一般都重读Thereisaˈbookontheˈdesk.Myˈsisterˈputupaˈpictureontheˈwall.ˈJohnˈwantstoˈseetheˈteacherafterˈclass.Anˈelephantisanˈanimal.一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing,person,place,或指一大类人或事物的名词，如man,woman,fellow,time,ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读ˈThat'saˈnicething.(比较：ˈThat'saˈniceˈpicture.)He'sanˈeasypersontoˈgetaˈlongwith.He'stheˈrightmanfortheˈjob.It'salˈreadyˈlunchtime.(比较;It'sˈtimeforˈlunch.)代词常重读的代词有1．指示代词ˈThisisˈnotwhatIˈmean.ˈThatˈisn'ttheoneIˈaskedfor.ˈDoyouˈlike(ˈ)theseˈflowers?但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音ˈHowdoyouˈlikethoseˈlittleones?ˈWhoˈwrotethisˈinterestingˈstory?2.名词性物主代词ˈYoursisˈmuchˈnicerthanˈmine.Theˈredoneisˈhis.2但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读Iˈmˈwritingtoaˈfriendofmine.3.强调代词Iˈsawitmyˈself.Theˈmanhimˈselfˈtoldmeso.4．疑问代词ˈWhoareyouˈtalkingto?ˈWhatcanIˈdoforyou?ˈWhoˈcametoˈseeyouthisˈmorning?不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词Heˈhasn'tˈseenmyˈbrotheryet.Heˈhurthimselfwhenhewasˈplayingˈfootball.Theyˈoftenˈhelpeachother.Theˈgirlwhoˈspoketoyoujustˈnowismyˈsister.形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读数词一般都应重读Theˈstreetsareˈwide,ˈcleanandˈbeautiful.ˈThisˈnarrowˈvalleywastheˈsceneofaˈfamousˈbattle.Hisˈfirstdaughterisfifˈteen.It'saˈdullanddisapˈpointingfilm.ˈThat'sexˈcitingnews.Theˈworriedmanˈenteredtheˈcrowdedˈstreet.HeˈboughtˈtenˈcupsandˈIboughtonlyˈfour.冠词一般都不重读Heˈlivesinaˈhouseˈnotˈfarfromtheˈschool.Itˈsanˈhour'sˈdrivefromtheˈoldˈstation.Theˈmanˈoverthereismyˈbrother.Anˈelephantisanˈanimal.动词主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notionalverb）都要重读(be、have除外)Heˈtakesaˈwalkafterˈsupperˈeveryˈday.ˈDonˈtforˈgetyourˈhomework.Isupˈposeyouˈknowhim.非限定动词一般也都要重读不定式Wedeˈcidedtoˈstarttheˈnextˈday.分词Weˈsatattheˈdeskˈwritingaˈletter.动名词It'sˈnoˈuseˈaskinghimaboutˈthat.助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读Iˈdon'twanttoˈgotheretoˈday.3Heˈwasn'tsurˈprisedwhenIˈtoldhimtheˈnews.Weˈcan'tˈstayanyˈlonger.ˈDonˈtyouthinkyouˈshouldn'tsayˈsuchthings?Wemustˈdoitˈnow,ˈmustn'twe?cannot不缩写成can't时，重音也在can上Iˈcannotagreeˈwithhim.Do用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的Iˈdohopeˈthiswillbeefˈfective.Heˈdoesneedyourˈhelp.Weˈdidwarnyoubeˈfore.ˈDoˈdropˈinwhenyouareinˈXuzhou.不重读的动词助动词Hedidˈnotworkˈhardfortheeˈxam.Wewereimˈpressedbytheiraˈchievements.ˈMuchhasbeenˈsaidaˈboutit.Theywillbesurˈprisedatˈthat.情态动词Heshouldbeˈcriticizedforˈdoingˈthat.ˈMarycouldˈdoitˈbetterthanˈHerbert.Imustˈgoˈnow.ˈWhocanˈanswerthisˈquestion?动词be(是),have(有)一般不重读Ihaveˈsomanyˈthingstoˈdotoˈday.ˈFewˈpeoplehadˈTVˈsetsinˈthoseˈdays.Theˈkeywasˈintheˈbox.以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读;用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读(ˈ)Haveyouanyˈbrothersandˈsisters?ˈYes,Iˈhave.(ˈ)Areyouaˈstudent?ˈYes,Iˈam.(ˈ)Canyouˈcomethisafterˈnoon?Yes,Iˈcan.Heˈsaidˈmorethanheˈshouldattheˈmeeting.Iˈdon'twanttoˈgothere,butIˈmust.副词一般都重读Theyˈcameˈbackˈearlyˈyesterday.ˈWheredidyouˈbuyit?ˈWhydoyouˈcome?4Youˈmeetˈpeopleˈeverywhere.I'veˈneverˈheardofˈsuchathingbeˈfore.Perˈhapsshe'llarˈrivetoˈnight.ˈTellhimtoˈcomeˈin.Aˈcarˈdashedˈpast.ˈThankyouforˈcomingtoˈseemeˈoff.但关系副词不重读Heˈvisitedtheˈsmallˈvillagewherehewasˈborn.Theyˈcameˈrightattheˈtimewhenweˈneededtheirˈhelp.ˈThisistheˈreasonwhytheyˈfailed.介词单音节介词一般都不重读ˈAllbutˈoneoftheˈfamilyareatˈhome.ˈHowˈfarisitfromˈParistoˈLondon?ˈWhatareyouˈlookingat?ˈThatˈswhatIwasˈthinkingof.多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读I'llˈdoit(ˈ)afterˈlunch.Heˈfinishedtheˈarticle(ˈ)duringtheˈholidays.Theˈmanˈwalkeda(ˈ)longtheˈstreet.Heˈsearcheda(ˈ)mongtheˈpapers.Iforˈgotˈalla(ˈ)boutit.Ihaveˈnothingtoˈsaycon(ˈ)cerningthisˈproblem.ˈPutitˈoppositetheˈdoor.在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读They'reˈbytheˈwindow.Hewasˈintheˈsitting-room.Isitˈneartheˈpostoffice?Theˈteacherwasˈwithusattheˈpicnic.Itwasˈduringtheˈinterval.Hewasbeˈsidehimselfwithˈrage.Theyarebeˈhindtheˈdoor.介词在句首时常可重读ˈOnhisˈwayˈhomeheˈmetanˈoldˈfriend.ˈIntheˈroomtheyˈfoundaˈlittleˈboy.ˈUndertheˈtreeˈstandsaˈtallman.连接词5单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词both…andneither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读Heˈcameandˈspoketous.Iˈsawitbutˈdidn'tˈreadit.ˈLet'sˈrunorwe'llbeˈlate.ˈThatˈtakesbothˈtimeandˈenergy.NeitherˈyounorˈIcanˈsolvetheˈproblem.Isugˈgestthatweˈgiveˈuptheˈplan.HewasˈangrywithmebecauseIwasˈlate.TheproˈfessorwasˈbusyˈwritingwhenIˈwenttoˈseehim.Weˈtooktheˈtaxitotheˈstationso(that)wecouldbeinˈtimefortheˈtrain.Sheˈdidn'tarˈrangetheˈchairsasIˈtoldher.ˈPutitwhereitcanˈeasilybeˈseen.Heˈwantstoˈseeyoubeforeyouˈleave.Sheinˈsistedonˈgoing,thoughIˈtoldherˈnotto.Theyweredisapˈpointedwhereasˈweweredeˈlighted.Youˈcan'tunderˈstandituntilyouˈreadittotheˈend.连接词词组其中重要的词要重读，还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读IfˈonlyIˈknewhowtoˈdoit.He'llˈhelpusonconˈditionthatweˈtrusthim.We'llˈstarttoˈmorrowˈevenifitˈrains.Theyhaveˈneverˈmetˈeversinceˈ19ˈ80.Theˈmeetingwillbeˈginasˈsoonastheˈguestsˈcome.You'llsucˈceedsoˈlongasyouˈworkˈhard.It'sˈsuchaˈpitythatyouˈcan'tˈcome.HeˈspokeˈsoˈfastthatIcouldˈhardlyˈfollowhim.Willyouˈtryaˈgainsupˈposingyouˈfail?Imust