一、it作人称代词的用法•1.指事物•作为人称代词,it可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如:•Idroppedmywatchanditbroke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。•It’shardwork,butIenjoyit.工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。•“Whereisthedog?”“It’sinthebedroom.”“狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。•2.指人•it指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:•Isitaboyoragirl?是男孩还是女孩?•Thereisaknockonthedoor.Itmustbethepostman.有人在敲门,一定是邮递员。•【说明】在答语中,常用来指本人,如说It’sme。•3.代替某些代词•代词it还可用于代替指示代词this,that以及复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等。如:•“What’sthis?”“It’sanewmachine.”“这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。•Nothingiswrong,isit?没出什么问题,是吗?二、it作非人称代词的用法1.基本用法it作非人称代词的用法,主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。1.ItisFridaytoday.2.ItwasverycoldlastMonday.3.Itisabout8:30now.4.Itisabout25kmfromLinquantoFuyang.5.ItliesinthesouthofAnhui.6.Itis40°C!Yougotahighfever!dateweathertimedistanceplacetemperature2.用于某些句型•It’stimeforsth.该做某事了。•It’stimetodosth.该做某事的时候了。•It’stimeforsbtodosth.某人该干某事了。•It’s(about/high)time+that-从句.某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形”)•It’sfirst(second)time+that-从句.某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)•It’s+时间段+since.自从……有一段时间了。•It’s+时间段+before.过多长的时间才…it’s=itwas•It‘s+时间段+that.…多久了•It's+时间段+when...是在某个时刻Itistimeforbreakfast.Itistimetohavebreakfast.Itistimeforustohavebreakfast.ItisthefirsttimeI’vebeenhere.ItistwoweekssinceIsawhimIt'stenyearsbeforeIgraduated.It'stenyearsthatI'velivedhereforItwastenyearsagowhenIgraduated三、it用作形式主语1.基本用法•当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it。如:•It’sveryimportanttorememberthis.记住这一点很重要。•It’shardworkclimbingmountains.爬山是费劲的事。•It’sunknownwhenhewillcome.他什么时候来还不知道。2.用作形式主语的的重要句型(1)it作形式主语替代不定式构成”It+be+adj.for(of)sbtodosth“某人做某事……Itishardforhimtomakeuphismind.他很难下定决心。Itwasfoolishofhertosaysuchathing.她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。【Tip】介词of与for的区别是:of用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等,介词for表示对象,意为“对……来说”2)ItisV-ed+that①Itissaid(reported,learned)+that…ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.②Itissuggested(ordered,demanded,insisted,commanded)+that…从句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+V原形).Should可以省略。译为“据建议;有命令…”Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.3)Itisapity(ashame)that…That后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+V原形),should可以省略.表示出乎意料,译为”竟然“。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.•(4)Ittakessb.+时间段+todosth.某人做某事花了……时间•Ittakesyearstomasteranewlanguage.要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。【Tip】此句型可以有以下多变种变体:Ittookmeanhourtowritetheletter.=Thelettertookmeanhour(towrite).=Itookanhourtowritetheletter.(5)Itisuptosbtodosth.该由某人做某事•It’suptoyoutotomakethechoice.得由你来作选择。(6)itlook(seem,appear,happen,occur)that[asif]…似乎……•Itseemedasthoughhedidn’trecognizeme.他似乎没认出我来。•IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.他打电话时我碰巧不在家。(7)Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn’tbeenfor…若不是因为……•Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.要不是他们帮助,这些困难我们不克服不了的。四、it用作形式宾语1.基本用法•当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。•其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如:•Ifinditdifficulttodothejobwell.我发现做好这件事不容易。•Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.我认为你最好住这儿。•Wethinkitnousecomplaining.我们认为抱怨是没有用的。2.用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1)动词+it+that-从句。如:•Ilikeitthatyoucame.你来了,我很高兴。•Itakeit(that)hewillcomeontime.我认为他会准时来的。•Youcanputitthatitwasarrangedbefore.你可以说这是以前安排的。•Rumorhasitthatthedefenceministerwillsoonresign.据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有have,take,put,like等。•(2)动词+it+when(if)-从句。如:•Idislikeitwhenyouwhistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。•Wereallyappreciateitwhensheofferedtohelp.她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。•I’dpreferitifIdidn’thavetodosomuchwork.要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。(3)动词+prep+it+that-从句。如:•Seetoitthatyou’renotlateagain.注意千万不要再迟到。•Looktoitthatthisdoesn’thappenagain.注意不要再发生这种事。•Youmayrelyonitthathe’llcometomeetyou.你放心,他会来接你的。•Ican’tanswerforitthathewillcome.我不能保证他会来。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有seeto,lookto,insiston,stickto,dependon,answerfor等。•(4)动词+it+介词短语+that-从句。如:•IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。•Itookitforgrantedthathewouldhelpus.我认为他会帮助我们的。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有takeitforgranted,bringittosb’sattention,oweittosb等。五、用于强调句型中1)It+be+被强调部分+that/who(aperson)从句ImetTomintheparkyesterday.1)ItwasIwhometTomintheparkyesterday.2)ItwasTomwhoImetintheparkyesterday.3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.2)Itisnotuntil+被强调的部分+that…该句型也是强调句型,主要用于强调时间状语,译成“直到…才…”,可以说是not…until…的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkclassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.六、it常用的固定搭配1.makeit1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达如:•It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.2)在口语中相当于fixthedatefor,表示“约定好时间”如:—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeit/thingseasy相当于Don’tworry.用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,”•Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中,相当于ithasn‘tbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.4.It'suptosb.在口语中,相当于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.It’stime后的从句用虚拟语气•一、基本用法•从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”:•IthinkIt’stimeyouwenttobed.我想你该睡觉了。•It’stimewewent[weregoing,shouldgo].我们该走了。•I’mgettingtired.It’stimewewenthome.我累了,我们该回家了。•Ithinkit’stimetheyweretaughta