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StreamofConsciousnessBy:宋英鹏、庞集文Contents•Overview(综述；概观）•MainFeatures（主要特征；功能特点）•ArtisticSkills（艺术手法）•First,consciousnesswasoriginalonwesternpsychologyterm（术语）,originallyfoundintheUnitedStatespsychologistWilliamJames（威廉.詹姆斯）essayonseveralissuesofintrospective（反省的）psychologyneglected.Hebelievethathumanactivityisacontinuousprocessofconsciousness.Consciousnessisnotafragmentofconvergence（片段的收敛）,butratherflows（现金流量）.Thisisthestremofconciousnessisaconceptinpsychologywasformallyproposed（提出）forthefirsttime.•Secondly,early20thcentury,theFranceofthephilosopherHenriBergson（柏格森）stretchesontheemphasized（强调）theimpulses（冲动）oflifedirection,andvolatility（易变）.Hispsychologicaltimeandspacetimedistinction,ontheimportanceofintuition（直觉的）andAustria（奥地利）psychoanalysisofFreud's（弗洛伊德）unconsciousstructuresandrelationshipsbetweendreamsandarttheory（艺术学）,haveamajorimpactonthedevelopmentofconsciousnessliterature（文学自觉）.•Thirdly,Austria（奥地利）psychologistSigmundFreud（西格蒙德.弗洛伊德）developedtheJames（詹姆斯）ontheirrational（荒谬的）,unconsciousopinions,affirming（肯定）thesubconscious,andthinkofitasthebasisforvitality（依据活力）andawarenessactivities（活动）.Hisviewofthesubconscious,andheusedfreeassociationmethodtocurementalillness,fundamentallychangedpeople'sattitudes.•Fourthly,ProceedingfromFreud's（弗洛伊德）theory,peoplearefullofparadoxicalcreature（矛盾的生物）,conflicthaditsoriginsintheperson'sdesireandcontradictions（矛盾）amongthepeopleandsociety.Freud（弗洛伊德）proposed（推荐）asetoftheoriesofpsychoanalysis,facilitated（促进）theformation（形成）anddevelopmentofmethodofstreamofconsciousness.•心理时间的叙述方式有倒时序、循环时序、颠倒时序、闪回时序和预见时序。•意识流描写的特点具有动态性、无逻辑性、非理性。描写层次分为意识层次和潜意识层。•描写的方式有内心独白、自由联想、意识迁移、意识流语言。AnalysisofHeart（心的分析）•Theso-calledinneranalysis（内力分析）referstothenarrative（叙述）orcharacters（字符）inthenovelwasverysensibletoanalyzetheirownthoughtsandfeelingsofrecourse（依赖）andisconductedintheabsenceofotherslistening.itisguidedintheabsenceofotherslistening.Itisguidedinarational（理性的）andlogical（合逻辑的）reasoning（推理）orexplanation（解释）ofthestructured（结构）,ratherthananysense（意义）ofthenaturalflow.Thesearchforthelosttime,Proust（蒲鲁斯特）.Therecollections（回忆）ofintimatelighting（逝水年华）makeextensiveuseofthispractice.FreeAssociation（自由联想）•Characterstreamperformance（字符流的性能）withoutanylawandorder（治安）.Theirconsciousnessingeneralonlyoneissue/athingforashortstayon,thingsinmindoftenreplacedbyobjectivethingssuddenlyappeared,anyoneofthethingsthatcaninterruptpeople'sideas,inspirenewthoughtsandminds,release（释放）aseriesofimpressionsandfeelings.TemporalandSpatialMontage（时间和空间蒙太奇）•Montage（蒙太奇）isaseriesoftechniquesusedtodoingthingsinthemoviemultiplicity（多样性）,authormakeeventsandscenarios（情节）indifferenttimeandspacecombinepatchwork（拼凑）,whichbeyondthelimitsoftimeandspace,showinghumanconsciousnessbeyondtimeandspacetojumpanddisorder（混乱）.suchasmultipleperspectives(多视角).slowmotion(慢镜头)，close-up（特写镜头），flashback(闪回)，andsoon.Showawarenessofflowvariability(变化性）,complexity（复杂性）.ThewritersincludingVirginia·WilliamFaulkner（维吉尼亚州。威廉。福克纳）andVirginiaWoolf（弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫）.OfPoetryandMusic（诗歌与音乐）•Novelsofstreamofconsciousnssinordertostrengthenthesymboliceffect,sometimesusingmeans（手段）ofpoetryandmusic,Theywidelyuseimagerymetaphor(意象比喻),rhythmmusicstructures(乐章结构),rhythmsofspelling(节奏韵律),punctuation(标点符号),andevenbizarre(离奇的)waytoimplythatfigure(印象),feelings,impressionsatacertainmoment.意识流小说的文体特征•就文体特征而言，由于意识流小说以人物意识活动为结构中心来展示人物持续流动的感觉和思想，而且通常借助自由联想来完成叙事内容的转换，因此，它们往往打破传统小说正常的时空次序，而出现过去、现在乃至未来的大跨度的跳跃。人物心理、思绪的飘忽变幻，情节段落的交叉拼接，现实情景、感觉印象以及回忆、向往等的交织叠合，象征性意象及心理独白的多重展示，往往使叙事显得扑朔迷离。因此，面对这一类文本时，解读者尽可能准确地把握将人物多层次的感觉印象、心理图象等贯穿起来的意识中心，从中寻绎人物意识流动的线索，是对它们做出细致、准确的解读的关键。意识流小说•法国作家埃杜阿.杜雅尔丹的《被砍倒的月桂树》•法国马塞尔.普鲁斯特的《追忆逝水年华》•英国伍尔芙的《达罗卫夫人》《到灯塔去》《海浪》《墙上的斑点》•美国威廉.福克纳的《士兵的报酬》《八月之光》《喧哗与骚动》•俄国安德列.别雷的《彼得堡》•爱尔兰詹姆斯.乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》ThankYouforWatching