•阅读中的长难句长难句特点:1、主语或宾语拉长2、分词短语打头3、多个谓语动词连用4、举例作为插入语5、并列句连用使得句子变长6、多重复合句叠加总原则:浓缩主干,找出核心句型五大句型1、主语或宾语拉长解决方法:有效分解主谓成分,断开之后各个击破。Thestreams,lakes,meadows(草地),mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconoanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.(2005.6)———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林,这些不仅使得Pocono成为黑熊理想的栖息地,而且吸引了越来越多人来到这里。InAfricaImetaboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid,whenIspoketohim,thathewashungrybecausehehadhadnofoodfortwodays.结构分析:(1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:Imetaboy…。(2)crying后面是壮语从句asifhisheartwouldbreak。(3)whenIspoketohim是介于said和thathewashungrybecause之间的插入语。—————————————————Therewaslittlehopeofcontinuingmyinquiriesafterdarktoanyusefulpurposeinaneighborhoodthatwasstrangetome.分析:该句可分为:Therewaslittlehope/ofcontinuingmyinquiries/afterdark/toanyusefulpurpose/inaneighborhoodthatwasstrangetome.———————————————2、分词短语打头,句子呈现三段(或三段以上)的长句式解决方法:理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系;而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。Operatingoutofacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theConservancy’sBudCook(大自然保护协会)isworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthenvironmentalprotection.——————————————————————在宾西法尼亚州的朗庞德村庄有一栋上百年历史的校舍,大自然保护协会的成员巴德-库克就在这里办公,他与当地人民和商业领导合作,以努力平衡好经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。———————————介词短语位于句首类似分词短语形式。InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.(2005.1)—————————————————————————————turntosbforsth有一段时间,美国的儿童学业表现不尽如人意,许多人于是转向日本,想从中寻求可能的解决办法,因为日本不仅经济实力强,而且学术成就也很高。e.g.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytoworkasamemberofagroup.(2005.1)Q:InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison----A.preparingchildrenacademicallyB.developingchildren’sartisticinterestsC.tappingchildren’spotentialD.shapingchildren’scharacter不定式to位于句首表目的,是考试重点。3、多个谓语动词连用解决方法:遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树,只能有一个主干起支撑作用,其他起辅助作用。Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflu(流感)maymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.(2005.1)•4、举例作为插入语提示词suchas;forexample;includingetc.快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略,即忽略不看。但是,如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时,如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式,则答案往往就在此处。例如:Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.Q:Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof———A.instrumentalsupportB.informationalsupportC.socialcompanionshipD.thestrengtheningofself-respect(1)Coldsymptomssuchasstuffynose,runnynoseandscratchythroattypicallydevelopgradually,andadultsandteensoftendonotgetafever.(2005.1)翻译:普通感冒患者的一些典型症状,如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙发痒,发作比较缓慢,成人和青少年患者一般不会有发热症状。(2)Andingeneral,flusymptomsincludingfeverandchills,sorethroatandbodyachescomeonsuddenlyandaremoreseverethancoldsymptoms.(2005.1)翻译:一般来说,流感症状包括发烧、发冷、喉咙发痒、浑身疼痛,比普通感冒的症状来得突然和猛烈。☆注意:插入语有时可以换成短语,如介词短语、不定式短语等等;还可以换成有两个破折号引起的插入语成分。Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLanddeafculture—ishavinglunchatacaféneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.(2004.6)时间过了37年。现在Stoloe在Gallaudet校园旁边的一家餐厅吃午餐,一边谈他是怎样开始革命的。目前Stoloe致力于撰写和编辑关于美国手语和聋哑人文化的书籍和杂志,以及制作相关的录像材料。—————————————————•在主语后面加上同位语、插入语、或非限制性定语从句,(甚至是一个句子的主干主语)•注意:发现主语后面有一个逗号,立刻寻找另一个逗号,中间的内容跳读!•Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek’sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.———————————————————————————•RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith“reallystupidbehavior”thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience.————————————————RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation(航空)industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesban(禁止)suchdevicesfrombeingusedduringcriticalstagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.————————————————————————•Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenationsmoralclimate,saysthisethics(伦理学)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.—————————————————5、并列句连用使得句子变长(主谓宾都可以并列)并列句是四级阅读理解中的主要句式。出题人会把几个成分相同的并列句子,通过剔除多余成分从而使其合并为一个很长的句子。解决方法:破解这样句子的关键是要弄清楚两个句子的逻辑关系,补全成分后重新还原为几个单独的句子即可。例如:Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess’striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregardinglandmines.(2004.6)翻译:对政府来说,更糟糕的是,不久得知的消息是,王妃的安哥拉之行得到过外事办的批准,并且她事实上非常了解安哥拉的形势和英国政府关于地雷的政策。———————————————•相当于拆分成三个句子:•(1)Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment(2)ItsoonemergedthatthePrincess’striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice.(3)Itsoonemergedthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregardinglandmines.6、多重复合句叠加一个长句子当中可能包含了好几种句式(并列的定语从句、状语从句、介词短语等等)。解决方法:分清主从句,理清句子逻辑关系至关重要。例如:(1)Thenth