M2U1语法-时态解读

1.PresentPerfectTense2.PresentPerfectContinuousTenseⅠ、现在完成时1.现在完成时的构成2.现在完成时的用法Ⅱ、现在完成进行时1.现在完成进行时的构成2.现在完成进行时的用法Ⅲ、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较1.现在完成时的构成：主动式:have/hasdone被动式:have/hasbeendone1.现在完成时•We___________________(alreadyopen)thewindow.过去的动作:weopenedthewindow.对现在的影响:Thewindowisopen.havealreadyopened2.现在完成时的用法•Theboysaretired.They________________(justplay)aballgame.过去的动作:Theboysplayedaballgame.对现在的影响:Theboysaretired.havejustplayedHehasjustbeentothezooWhenIwaswaitinginlineatthebank,Inoticedawomanholdingasmallchildatoneofthewindows.Theboywaseatingaroll(面包卷)，whichhethrustattheteller.(喂给柜员).Thetellersmiledandshookhishand.“No,no,dear,”saidtheboy’smother,andThen,turningtotheteller,“Ibegyourpardon,youngman.Pleasefogivemyson.Hehasjustbeentothezoo.”现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作，或某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just,already,yet等状语连用。小结：现在完成时用法1---已完成、影响性用法already:用于肯定句;yet:用于否定和疑问句•Daniel__________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.haslivedpastfuturenowcamelivehaslived现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：①for和since，②sofar,uptonow,until/till…thisweek(month,year)③during/over/inthepastfewyears(weeks,months…)现在完成时用法2---未完成用法小结：Fillintheblanks:①.a.ShehaslearntEnglish3years.b.ShehaslearntEnglish3yearsago.c.Theyhavelivedhere_____1990.forsincesince②I(see)hersofar.③What_________________(happen)totheUSAinthepast35years?haven’tseenhashappenedSince的补充用法A.主句+since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.B.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+从句a.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssinceIleftmyhometown.b.ItisyearssinceIsmoked.c.ItisyearssinceIbegantosmoke.IwenttoEgyptin1986.IwenttoEgyptin2004.I__________(be)toEgypttwice.havebeen现在完成时可表示过去发生过一次或多次的情况，也可以说是一种经历。多与never,ever,once,twice,threetimes,before等连用现在完成时用法3---经验性用法•I（neversee）anythingsobeautifulinmylife.haveneverseen小结：√()1.Hehascomehere.()2.Hehascomeherefor3days.()3.Hehasn’tcomeherefor3days.()4.Hehasstayedherefor3days.()5.Hehasbeenawayfor3days.√现在完成时知识扩展一√√TranslatethesesentencesintoEnglish.汤姆回来了。汤姆回来一个多星期了。Tomhascomeback.Tomhasbeenbackforoveraweek.与现在完成时有关的句型:1)This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that-clauseThisisthefirsttimethatI_______(see)pandas2)This(That/It)istheonlytime…+that-clauseItistheonlytimethatI_________(travel)abroad.3)This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that-clause.ItisthemostdeliciousfoodthatI_________(taste)haveseenhavetraveledhavetasted现在完成时知识扩展二•Lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.•看下列句子，说说他们的区别•1WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.•2Theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生在过去某个时间）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，即电影的内容已经知道了）•1.‘youmypen?’•‘Yes,Iitonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)•2.‘youdinner?’•‘Yes,IitwithMary.’(have)HaveseensawHavehadhadWhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguages,butI___allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten“但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。.Translation.1.你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？2.你离开学校多久了？Whendidyouleaveschoolthisafternoon?Howlonghaveyoubeenawayfromschool?3.他在1998年买了这辆自行车。4.他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行车。Heboughtthebikein1998.Hehashadthebikesincehecametoourschool.5.电影是半小时之前开始的。6.电影已放映半小时了。Thefilmbeganhalfanhourago.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfanhour.•(2)saw(3)hasvisited•(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited•(6)hasseen(7)hasnevermet(8)hastravelled•(9)hasfound•(10)hasn’tfound•(11)Has,beenpage8PresentPerfectContinuousTense•Theboystartedhavingdinnerfiveminutesago.Heisstillhavingdinnernow.•Theboy________________(have)dinnersincefiveminutesago.hasbeenhaving1.现在完成进行时•Themanstartedworkinginthefieldhalfanhourago.Heisstillworkingnow.•Theman_________________(work)inthefieldforhalfanhour.hasbeenworking现在完成进行时的构成：have/hasbeendoing现在完成进行时用法1现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能持续下去.CCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramssince1984.broadcasted1984futurenowbroadcastbroadcast小结：现在完成进行时用法2:现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到说话时刚结束。Mavisstartedwaiting.Kellyarrives.Kelly:SorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Mavis:Yes.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.anhouragofuturenowwait小结：---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I___thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted---Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?---No,butwe_____________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.havebeentrying3.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较最大区别在于：完成进行时重在“进行”，即未完成，强调动作持续的过程，即动作本身；完成时重在“完成”，即已完成，强调动作的结果或成就，而不是动作。1.I_________yourgrammarbook.AndIhavequestionstoaskyou.(Ifinishedreadingthebook.)I________________(read)yourgrammarbook.AfterIfinishit,I’lldiscusssomeproblemswithyou.(Iamstillreadingthebook.)havereadhasbeenreading•区别一：现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：•Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.（a）•Theyhavewidenedtheroad．（b）（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完（b）句的意思则是已完工了。•MymotherhasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears.（a）•MymotherhastaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.（b）•(a）句表示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。•区别二：现在完成进行时往往表示动作在反复，现在完成时则常常不带反复性。•Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately？(a)Haveyoumetherlately？（b