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Unit1GreatScientistsJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Usefulstructures•Lookatthefollowingsentenceswherethepastparticipleisused.Somanythousnadsofterrifiedpeopledied…HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople…AttributeAttributePredicative…whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepump.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.AttributeAttributePredicativePredicativeGrammarGrammarpastparticipleusedastheattribute&thepredicative一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。eg：alostanimalausedstampaninjuredfingerabrokencoinalightedcandle一只迷路的动物一枚用过的邮票一个受伤的手指一枚破损的硬币一支点燃的蜡烛注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spokenEnglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。e.g.：HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.PP.astheAttribute(1)PP.astheAttribute(2)terrifiedpeoplepeopleterrifiedof(cholera)reservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomapleasedwinnerchildrenastonishedat/by…avasebrokenby…adoorclosedby…theaudiencetiredof…ananimaltrappedin/by…Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.PP.astheAttribute(1)PP.astheAttribute(2)terrifiedpeoplepeopleterrifiedof(cholera)reservedseatsseatsreservedby…pollutedwateracrowdedroomapleasedwinnerchildrenastonishedat/by…avasebrokenby…adoorclosedby…theaudiencetiredof…ananimaltrappedin/by…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedwith…awinnerpleasedwith…astonishedchildrenabrokenvaseacloseddoorthetiredaudienceatrappedanimal想一想•什么时候用前置定语？•什么时候用后置定语？单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面Practice:ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1）Thediscussedquestionwasveryimportant.=Thequestion________________________wasveryimportant.whichhadbeendiscussed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry______________________.whichhasdeveloped注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge______________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态中，强调动作。e.g.：Thisshopisnowclosed．这家商店现在已经关门了。Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．这家商店每天6点关门。(状态)(动作）Practice:Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。He______________aboutlosingthemoney.2、你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways_____________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?gotblamedlooksotired3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．wasdisappointedwithwasshocked5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.Hiswound______________________anewvirus．arereallyexcitedaboutbecame/wasinfectedwith1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/thatsmellssweet。现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别•现在分词：主动，正在进行•过去分词：被动和／或完成Thereare220childrenstudyingintheartschool.Theexperiencegainedwillbeofgreatvaluetous.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别•V-ing形式表示“令人……的”•V-ed形式表示“某人感到……的”Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinthestory.Dotheexercise4onpage5Exercises1.The___disheslayonthefloor.A.breakingB.brokenC.brokeD.break2.Theship,___byahugepieceoficeberg,cametoasuddenstop.A.hittingB.hitC.hittedD.tohit3.Hisability___inthoseyearswaspraisedbyall.A.shownB.wasshownC.showingD.beshowing4.Alice,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto___beforetheparty.A.getchangeB.getchangingC.getchangedD.gettochange5.there’sabigdog___toafenceoutsidethehouse.A.tyingB.tiedC.totieD.ties6.The___girlsatinthecouner___.A.frighyening;criedB.frightening;cryingC.frightened;cryingD.frightened;tocry7.Goods___onlineareoftencheaperthanthoseinthesupermarket.A.tobuyB.buyingC.boughtD.havebeenbought8.Alltheroadslookedthesameandhefeltthoroughly___.A.confusedB.confusingC.confuseD.confusion9.Thenewssounds___.A.encouragingB.tobeencouragedC.encouragedD.beingencouraged10.Taiwan-bornfilmmakerAngLeewontheOscarforBestDir