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读后续写的解答策略和教学建议浙江作为高考综合改革试验省份,将于2016年10月启动英语学科一年两考的第一次高考。新高考将出现新的写作题型――读后续写。这一题型一经公布,立即引起了社会的极大关注。对于这样一个全新的写作题,考生在考试时该如何解答呢?教师又该如何开展相应的教学呢?我们先来认识一下读后续写这一题型。一、题型解读读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查方式,旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力[1]。读后续写题型结合阅读理解进行写作练习,将语言输入与输出紧密结合,将语言的模仿与创造性使用有机结合,将语言的学习与运用切实结合,是提高外语学习效率的好方法[2]。(一)题型叙述(二)阅卷角度(三)考查内容以阅读理解为基础,以写作为产出。阅读是输入、是基础,写作是输出、是提升。读后续写题考查语言知识(词汇、语法等)、阅读能力(阅读技巧、理解能力、文本分析等)、逻辑思维能力和写作能力。(四)选文体裁特色以记叙文为主,一般不会出现说明文或议论文。因为记叙文话题更贴近生活,上下文连贯性强,结构清晰,在结尾处常有结局(结论)或提升,更适合用于读后续写题型。(五)选文题材特色故事性强,主题有一定的背景,材料有趣味性,内容能延伸,能激发学生的想象力和续写冲动。阅读材料难度适当,易于理解和模仿。(六)题型特点试题兼顾引导和限制。10个画线词汇(续写中必须选用5个以上)、段落要求以及每段的开头语,既能引导考生顺势构思,又能防止考生偏离主题无限想象,便于准确评分。二、答题策略下面,举一具体实例,来谈谈如何进行读后续写的写作。(一)题目阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。RightbesideYouIthadbeenayearsinceSusan,thirty-four,becameblind.Astheresultofamedicalaccidentshewassightless,suddenlythrownintoaworldofdarkness,anger,frustrationandself-pity.Onceanindependentwoman,Susannowbecameapowerless,helplessburdenoneveryonearoundher.Nomatterhowmuchshecriedorprayed,sheknewthepainfultruththathersightwasnevergoingtoreturn.AllshehadtoclingtowasherhusbandMark.MarkwasanAirForceofficerandhelovedSusanwithallhisheart.Whenshefirstlosthersight,hewatchedhersinkintodespairandhebecamedeterminedtouseeverymeanspossibletohelphiswife.Finally,Susanfeltreadytoreturntoherjob,buthowwouldshegetthere?Sheusedtotakethebus,butshewasnowtoofrightenedtogetaroundthecitybyherself.MarkvolunteeredtoridethebuswithSusaneachmorningandeveninguntilshegotthehangofit.Andthatisexactlywhathappened.Fortwoweeks,Mark,militaryuniformandall,accompaniedSusantoandfromworkeachday.Hetaughtherhowtorelyonherothersenses,specificallyherhearing,todeterminewhereshewasandhowtoadapttohernewenvironment.Hehelpedherbefriendthebusdriverswhocouldwatchoutforher,andsaveheraseat.Eachmorningtheymadethejourneytogether,andMarkwouldtakeataxibacktohisoffice.Althoughthatmeanthehadtotravelthroughthecityandtheroutinewascostlyandexhausting,MarkknewitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeSusanwouldbeabletoridethebusonherown.Hebelievedinher.Finally,Susandecidedthatshewasreadytotrythetriponherown.Mondaymorningarrived.Beforesheleft,sheembracedherhusbandtightly,hereyesfilledwithtearsofgratitudeforhisloyalty,hispatience,andhislove.Shefeltshewassoluckyforhehadgivenheragiftmorepowerfulthansight.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;Paragraph1:Shesaidgoodbyeand,forthefirsttime,theywenttheirseparateways.Paragraph2:OnFridaymorning,asSusanwassteppingontothebusasusual,thedriversaid,“Miss,Isureenvyyou.”Curious,Susanaskedthedriverwhy.(二)答题步骤1.把握短文核心内容仔细阅读所给短文,把握短文核心内容是完成续写的前提。“RightbesideYou”一文的核心内容为:Susan由于一次医疗事故而导致双目失明。处于极度悲伤的Susan得到了丈夫Mark真挚而深沉的爱和体贴的帮助。在Mark无微不至的关爱、鼓励和照顾下,Susan重拾自信,积极面对新的生活,同时也让我们理解了爱的真谛。2.理清写作思路(1)明确故事人物关系故事中的主要人物为Susan,Mark,thebusdriver。Susan和Mark是一对夫妻,thebusdriver是Susan上下班途中的公交司机。(2)理清故事主要事件Susan因为一次医疗事故而导致双目失明;Susan极度悲伤,对生活失去了信心;Mark对Susan不离不弃,帮助Susan重拾信心;Susan在Mark的帮助下,能够独立面对新的生活。(3)预测故事发展根据已知人物、事件及要求续写段落的首句可以预测故事总体的发展应该是Susan在Mark的帮助下,重拾信心,能够独立地面对新生活。根据要求续写段落Paragraph1提供的开头语“Shesaidgoodbyeand,forthefirsttime,theywenttheirseparateways”可以预测,下文可能是描写Susan第一次独自乘公交车的具体情景。这一情景将通过动作描写来展现一位盲人在公共场合的行为。这样的预测内容紧跟文本,合乎逻辑。从Paragraph2提供的开头语“OnFridaymorning,asSusanwassteppingontothebusasusual,thedriversaid,‘Miss,Isureenvyyou.’Curious,Susanaskedthedriverwhy”可以预测,接下来就是司机解释了为什么羡慕Susan的原因。这原因可能是对前面Mark所做事情的一个总结,也可能是进一步拓展,Mark为Susan做的一些其他令人感动的事情。(4)罗列写作要点结合选文中画线词语和文本内容,展开尽可能丰富的想象,罗列出尽可能多的故事发展情节。例如,第一段可以通过问以下问题来获取写作要点。Question1:CouldSusangotoworkonherown?Points:Shehadsomedifficulty;Shemadeherwaycarefullyupthestepswiththewhitecane;Shegotonthebuscarefullyandslowly...Question2:Howdidshemakeherway?Points:Shepaidthedriver;Shefeltherwaytotheseat;Sheputdownherbriefcaseandplacedhercaneagainstherleg...第二段可以通过问以下问题来获取写作要点。Question3:WhydidthedriverenvySusan?Points:Herhusbandwatchedandaccompaniedhereverytimeshewenttowork;Hewatchedhercrossthestreetandgointoherofficebuilding...Question4:HowdidSusanfeelaftershegottheanswer?Points:Shewasexcitedanddeeplymovedtotearswhenshegotthetruth;Shewasfullofgratitudeandhappiness...3.完成续写任务Shesaidgoodbyeand,forthefirsttime,theywenttheirseparateways.Shemadeherwaycarefullyupthestepswiththewhitecane.Shepaidthedriverandthen,usingherhandstofeelthelocationoftheseats,settledintoone.Sheplacedherbriefcaseonherlapandrestedhercaneagainstherleg.Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday...,eachdayeverythingonherownwentperfectly.Shewasdoingit!OnFridaymorning,asSusanwassteppingontothebusasusual,thedriversaid,“Miss,Isureenvyyou.”Curious,Susanaskedthedriverwhy.“Youknow,everymorningforthepastweek,afinelookinggentlemaninamilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecornerwatchingyouwhenyougetoffthebus.Hemakessureyoucrossthestreetsafelyandhewatchesyouuntilyouenteryourofficebuilding.Youareoneluckylady,”thebusdriversaid.Whensheknewthefact,tearspoureddownSusan’scheeks,tearsfullofgratitudeandhappinessaswell.Susanknewthatshewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogresswithoutMark’shelp.It’sMark’slovethatbroughtlightintodarkness.三、答题技巧(一)合理拓展情节读后续写首先要读通给定文本,把握故事的人物和事件。在此基础上根据提示对故事的发展做出合情合理又合乎逻辑的预测。为了将预测过程显性化,可以通过设问的方式,将预测重点以问
本文标题:读后续写的解答策略和教学建议-最新教育文档
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