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人教课标版高二必修5Unit1WarmingUpTherearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions.AlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneLaiteBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativityWhoishe?Heis…Archimedes(阿基米德)Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?CharlesDarwin.Whoishe?Heis…Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?ThomasNewcomen.Whoishe?Heis…Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?GregorMendelWhoishe?Heis…Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?MarieCurieWhoishe?Heis…Whodiscoveredradium?ThomasEdisonWhoishe?Heis…Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?LeonardodaVinciWhoishe?Heis…Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?HumphryDavyWhoishe?Heis…Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?张衡Whoishe?Heis…Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?StephenHawkingWhoishe?Heis…Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Lead-inSupplythefollowingwordswithdetail.JohnSnowCholeraJohnSnow(1813-1858)JohnSnowwasborninYorkonMarch15th,1813,theoldestofninechildren.YorkLondonHisfatherworkedasalaborer.Whilepoor,hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford.Hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen,whenhewasapprenticed(当学徒)toWilliamHardcastle,asurgeon(外科医生)livingatNewcastle-on-Tyne.Afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831-1982,hebecameinOctober1836astudentattheHunterianSchoolofmedicineinGreatWindmillStreet,London.HebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeattheWestminsterHospitalinthefollowingOctober.183637383940184541424344HegraduatedM.D.oftheUniversityofLondonon20Dec.1844,andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians.Hedesignedachloroforminhaler(氯仿吸入器),describedinhisbook,OnChloroformandotherAnesthetics,publishedin1858.Dr.Snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist(麻醉师)Whatelsewashefamousfor?WhatisCholera?CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriacholerae.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(肠),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomiting(呕吐)andlegcramps(小腿抽筋).Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwiththebacteria.Afteradisaster,thisisaveryrealdanger,sinceregular,cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable.Thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste.Choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms,aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavesthebodywithoutenoughfluid.Thefollowingdehydration(脱水)andshockcankillapersonwithinhours.Lookatthepicture,thetitleandthemap,guesswhatthecontentofthetextis.Thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouareright.Whenwewanttosolvesomeproblem.Firstweshouldfindtheproblem,dosomeresearchonit,proveyourfinding,andthenmakeaconclusion.Thisisascientificandobjectivewayofresearching.1.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?Pre-readingdrawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsFindsupportingevidencePleaseputthe7stagesinrightorderaccordingtothepassage.Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?Repel(回避)maybeexposedtoaninfectiousdiseases,somayanimals,suchasbirdflu.AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera.Ifinfectspeople’sintestines(肠胃),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomiting(呕吐)andlegcramps(小腿抽筋).3.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(污染)withthebacteria.Choleracanbemild(不严重的)orevenwithoutsymptoms(症状),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.GermanyGreatBritainDeathoffirstcholeracaseinLondonduringthe1848-49epidemicLondonPreviouscholeraepidemicinGreatBritainin1831-32ThespreadofcholeraJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatistheproblem?Cholerawasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.What’sthecauseofcholera?Makeaquestion:twotheories1.Choleramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.2.Peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals.Manydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseSmall,white,flocculentparticlesThewaterwasfromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Findsupportingevidence:Whatextraevidencedidhefind?Awomanandherdaughterwholivedfarawaybutdrankthewateralsodied.DrawaconclusionwithcertaintyThepollutedwatercarriedthevirus.I.Readthetextcarefullyandfillintheblanks.Manypeoplediedofcholera.JohnSnowtriedtofindoutits_____and____Peopledra