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Lesson39AmIAllRight?WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital,heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful,butthedoctorrefusedtodoso.Thefollowingday,thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone.Whenhewasalone,hetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington.Whenthedoctoransweredthephone,Mr.Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.JohnGilbert.HeaskedifMr.John’soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.HethenaskedwhenMr.Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.ThenDr.Millingtonaskedthecallerifhewasarelativeofthepatient.‘No,’thepatientanswered,‘IamMr.JohnGilbert.’生病住院拒绝干某事第二天要。。。接电话被允许干。。询问在住上两个星期病人的亲属问某人某事1.Beinhospital2.Asksbforsth3.Refusetodo4.Thefollowingday5.Askfor6.Answerthephone7.Inquireabout8.Beallowedtodo9.Foranothertwoweeks10.arelativeofthepatient1、Sheaskedme_____mymotherlikedtheblueone.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.where2、Hesaidthathe______agoodjourney.A.hasB.willhaveC.hadD.haveAC3、Kateansweredthatshe____herhomework.A.finishB.finishesC.hasfinishedD.hadfinished4、Hesaidthathe___TVatthattime.A.waswatchingB.watchesC.watchingD.haswatchedDA5、HeaskedLucy_____sheneededsomemoretea.A.ifB.whereC.thatD.what6、Idon’tknow____tovisittheoldmanornot.A.weatherB.ifC.whetherD.thatAC7、”You’vegotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.Sheasked______.A.ifIhavealreadygotwellB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwellB8、”Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.Heaskedme______.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilmD9、Sheasked____forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpaidD.howmuchIpaidD1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”——HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时如：Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.〔注〕：此处用hadto代替must更好8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化1）时间状语：直接引语（间接引语）now（then）；today(thatday）；tomorrow（thenext/followingday）nextweek（thenext/followingweek）yesterday（thedaybefore）twodaysago（twodaysbefore）thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year)2）指示代词：these变成those3）地点状语：here变成thereShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。如：Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”——Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”——HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”——Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句变成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”——Heaskedustobeseated.6）有些含有“建议”——、“劝告”——的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”——Hesuggestedourhavingarest7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.——Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”——Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesai