概要写作导练

—串联要素法写作方法—串联要素法记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但“某人做了某事,结果如何”是应当包括的。因此,要写好概要,须找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(whodidwhat)(2)结果如何？(whatwastheresult)如果是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。［例1］(2011年广东)阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。WhenSamfirstgottohisboardingschoolwithhisparents,hewasveryhappy.Hethoughthewouldbeabletogohomeeveryweekend.Whenhewastoldhewouldnot,hestartedcryingbecausethethoughtofnotseeinghisparentswasdrivinghimcrazy.Hewasgivenuniformsandallotherthingsthathewouldneedfortheterm.Hestartedcryingwhenitwastimeforhisparentstoleave.Hewasthentakentothedorm,wherehesawotherchildrenhappy.Hetriedasmuchashecouldtofitinbutcouldnotbecausehismindwasathome.Hestartedfeelinghomesick(想家)andwantedtogohomesassoonaspossible.Hegotsicksoonbecausehecouldnoteattheschoolfood.Hecouldnotconcentrateintheclassroom.Allhecouldthinkwasbeingathomewithhisfamily.Hehadnomobilephoneorothermeanstogetintouchwithhisparents.Hewasangryandfeltlonely.Hethoughthisparentshatedhimandthatwaswhytheylefthiminaboardingschool.［写作内容］1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；2.以约120个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历。解题过程第一步,根据［写作内容2］,快速获取大意。解题前,可以通过［写作内容2］和材料文体,快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读［写作内容2］,并扫视材料可知是记叙文,于是可推知,本文的概要框架应是：Sam想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。(1)谁做了什么？Samgottoaboardingschoolandhefelthomesick.(2)结果如何？Hegotsick.Hewasangrywithhisparentsandfeltlonely.第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：Samcouldnotgetusedtothelifeoftheboardingschool,andhethoughthisparentshatedhimandlefthiminit,whichmadehimsick,angryandlonely.范文2：Inthepassage,thewritertalksaboutSam’sexperienceofhomesickness.Hesufferedalotandfeltdissatisfiedwithhisparentsafterbeingleftinaboardingschool.［例2］(2011年广州一模)阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。—内容略［写作内容］1.以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；2.然后以约120个词写一篇读后感,说明“诚信的重要性”。[解题过程]第一步,根据[写作内容2],快速获取大意。[写作内容2]说明“诚信的重要性”，扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记叙文,那么我们可以形成概要框架:作者讲述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样,就有了方向和思路了。第二步：阅读材料,回答以下三个问题。(1)谁做了什么？ThewritertellsastoryofanoverseasChinesestudent.Thestudenthadbeencaughtwithoutaticketinthesubwaythreetimes.(2)结果如何？Hewasnotevenallowedthechanceforaninterview.(3)说明了什么？Honestyisthebestpolicy.第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：TodayIreadaninstructivespeech,inwhichthespeakerargueshonestyisthebestpolicybytellingthestoryofanoverseasChinesestudentwhocouldn’tfindajobbecauseofdishonesty.范文2：ThewritertellsastoryaboutaChinesestudentwithanexcellentacademicachievementcouldn’tfindajobinGermanybecauseofhisdishonestytoskipthesubwaytickets,whichshowshonestyisthebestpolicy.练习1：阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。—短文略Theauthorhappenedtopickupanumbrellaonabusandtriedtofinditsowner.Shewaspleasedtofindtheownerandalsogotajobofferedbytheowneroftheumbrella.练习2：阅读下面的短文,然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。—短文略(范文1)Inthepassagethewriterusesthestoryoftheaward-winningfarmerwhoshareshisbestcorndeedwithhisneighbourstoteachusthatweallcanbenefitwhenweco-operateandsharewitheachother.(范文2)Thewriterteachesusthatweallbenefitmorewhenweco-operateandsharewitheachotherbytellingthestoryoftheaward-winningfarmerwhoshareshiscornseedswithhisneighbours.作业1：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。OnarecentSunday,IwasbuyinggroceriesinasupermarketwhenIheardthesoundofacaraccident.Itwasclosebutnotveryclose,soIcontinuedshopping.AsItookarightturnonMunadhamaStreet,Isawamanlyingonthegroundinasmallpoolofblood.Hewasn’tdead.Theideaofstoppingtohelportotakehimtoahospitalcrossedmymind,butIdidn’tdare.Carspassedwithoutstopping.Pedestriansandshopownerskeptdoingwhattheyweredoing,pretendingnothinghadhappened.Iwasstilllookingatthewoundedmanandblamingmyselffornotstoppingtohelp.Othershopperspeeredathimfromadistance,sorrowfulandsympathetic,butdidnothing.Iwentontoanothergrocerystore,stayingforaboutfiveminuteswhileshoppingfortomatoes,onionsandothervegetables.Duringthattime,themanmanagedtositupandwavetopassingcars.Noonestopped.Noonedidanything.Nooneliftedafinger.Thewoundeddiedaloneinthestreet.Theonlyreactioncamefromawomaninthegrocerystore.Inalowvoice,shesaid,“MyGod,blesshissoul.”Anofferofaidcouldhavesavedtheman’slife.作业1：Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorwitnessedacaraccidentandfoundnoonehelpedtheinjuredman.Asaresult,themandiedonthestreet,whichmadetheauthorfeelguilty.作业2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。—短文略作业2：Thewritertriedtotellustheimportanceofsettinggoalsthroughabeaver’sstory.Afterthebeaverbuiltahouseforthewinter,itsetanothergoaltochewdownabigtreeandsucceededbyworkinghard.我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”：(Inthepassage)thewriterintroduces...(对象)tous,especiallyits...(性质或功用),fromwhichweknow...(对象带来的利好).2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：Thepassagetellsus...(问题),including...(方法1),...(方法2)and...(方法3).3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：(Theauthor/writersaid/talksabout)...(现象)of...,because/but...(原因/本质1),and...(原因/本质2).在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodonothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.Secondly,don’tsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestatintervalssoastorelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrestforeyes.Beside