a-valediction-forbidding-mourning

AValediction:ForbiddingMourning——告别辞：莫悲伤JohnDonne(1573.1.22–1631.3.31)OccupationPoet,priest,lawyerNationalityEnglishAlmamater(母校)OxfordUniversityGenreSatire,lovepoetry,elegy,sermonsSubjectLove,sexuality,religion,deathLiterarymovementMetaphysicalPoetryWorksBiathanatos(1608)Pseudo-Martyr(1610)IgnatiusHisConclave(1611)DevotionsUponEmergentOccasions(1624)Poems(1633)1.1AuthorLifeExperience1573BorninLondon1576Hisfatherdied1583StudiedatHartHall,nowHerfordCollege,Oxford1586AdmittedtotheUniversityofCambridge1591AcceptedasastudentattheThaviesInnlegalschool1592AdmittedtoLincoln’sInn1598AppointedchiefsecretarytotheLordKeeperofTheGreatSeal（国玺）1601SecretmarriagetoAnneMore（MakinghimfiredandputinFleetPrison）1602ElectedasMemberofParliamentfortheconstituencyofBrackley1605MovedtoanothersmallhouseinMitcham,Londonasalawyer1.2LifeExperience1615OrdainedintotheChurchofEngland;awardedanhonorarydoctorate（荣誉博士）indivinityfromCambridgeUniversity;becameaRoyalChaplain(牧师);1616-1622Servedinthechapel（小教堂）asminister1617Hiswifedied1618BecamechaplaintoViscountDoncaster1620ReturnedtoEngland1621-1631MadeDeanofStPaul’s1624BecamevicarofStDunstan-in-the-West,and1625aprolocutortoCharlesI1631Died1.2LifeExperienceStyle※Themostprominentmemberofthemetaphysicalpoets.※Amasterofthemetaphysicalconceit(anextendedmetaphorthatcombinestwovastlydifferentideasintoasingleidea,oftenusingimagery；oneoffiguresofspeech).※Donne’sworksarealsowitty,employingparadoxes,punsandsubtleyetremarkableanalogies(类比).※Ashiftfromclassicalformstomorepersonalpoetry.1.3StyleMetaphysicalPoetry(玄学派诗歌)※ThetermwasfirstcoinedbyJohnDrydenin1693andwaslaterpopularizedbySamuelJohnsonin1781.※Etymologically(词源上地),MetaphysicalisderivativeoftheLatinwordMetaphysica.Meta=beyondorafter(thingsorconcepts)—AbstractPhysica=work(consideredassomething)—Concrete“TheMetaphysicaldealswiththenotionofexistence,withtheexistinguniverseandman’splacetherein.Roughly,ithastakensuchimplicationsasthese-philosophical,difficult,ethereal,obscure,supercilious,ingenious,oddandbizarre.Poetry,whichdealswithcorrelation(关联)betweentherealworldandtheafter-world,concreteandabstract,soulandbeing,aswellasrealityandperceptionusingphilosophicalmethodologyiscalledMetaphysicalpoetry.”——R.SHillyer1.3MetaphysicalPoetry※Intellectuallyrigorous,scholastic,dialectical(辩证的),subtle.※Argumentative–usinglogic,syllogisms(三段论)orparadoxinpersuasion.※Concentratedcomplexanddifficultthought※Dramatic,withabruptaggressiveopeningbutmodulating(调节的)tones.※Style–concise,epigrammatic（讽刺的，警句的）※Useofconceits(幻想)orextendedmetaphors（延伸隐喻）.1.4CharacteristicsCharacteristicsBackgroundofthispoemWrittenin1611or1612forhiswifeAnnebeforeheleftonatriptoEurope.AValedictionisa36-linelovepoemthatwasfirstpublishedinthe1633collectionSongandSonnets,twoyearsafterDonne'sdeath.Basedonthethemeoftwoloversabouttopartforanextendedtime,thepoemisnotableforitsuseofconceitsandingeniousanalogiestodescribethecouple'srelationship.1.5Background※Form:9fourlinestanzas(alsocalledquatrains)※Genre:MetaphysicalPoem2.FormandGenre※Meter:Iambictetrameter※Rhyme:ABABrhymescheme.Analysis1ststanzaline1-4：Asvirtuousmenpassmildlyaway,Andwhispertotheirsoulstogo,Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdosay,“Nowhisbreathgoes,”andsomesay,“No.”君子安详辞世的时候，会对自己的灵魂轻轻地道一声：走，有些悲伤的朋友会说：“断气了，”而有些则会说“还没有。”AABB※Line1-2:•Passmildlyaway:noregret,peaceful•Whisper:incontrol;aindistinctonomatopoeia•Symbolism:“death”※Line3-4:•Thedebateoffriends3.AnalysisAnalysis2ndstanzaline5-8：Soletusmelt,andmakenonoise,Notear-floods,norsigh-tempestsmove;'TwereprofanationofourjoysTotellthelaityourlove.就让我们默哀吧，肃穆，没有泪眼汪汪，没有嚎啕大哭；把我们的爱情告诉俗人无异于对我们的欢愉进行亵渎。※Line5-6:•So:“analogy&metaphor”•Melt&tear-floods&sigh-tempest:“naturemetaphors”•Tear-floods&sigh-tempest:“hyperbole”※Line7-8:•’Twere=itwere•Profanation:desecration(亵渎)•Laity:laypeople,commoners3.Analysis3rdstanzaline9-12：Movingoftheearthbringsharmsandfears,Menreckonwhatitdidandmeant;Buttrepidationofthespheres,Thoughgreaterfar,isinnocent.地震会带来恐惧与灾祸；人们琢磨地震的后果和意义；可天体的震动是无害的，尽管它们的威力比地震大得多。※Line9-10:•Movingoftheearth:earthquake•Moving:trochee(扬抑格)※Line11-12:•Trepidation:tomakealiteraltremblingmotion•Innocent:unseen,unnoticed※Symbolism:“naturalphenomena”3.AnalysisAnalysis4thstanzaline13-16：Dullsublunarylover'slove(Whosesoulissense)cannotadmitAbsence,becauseitdothremoveThosethingswhichelementedit.世俗恋人的乏味爱情（其灵魂即感官）不能忍受别离，因为别离使他们丧尽那些构成爱情的元素。※Line13-14:•Sublunary:beneaththemoon•Lover'slove:repetitivephrase•Soulissense:“alliteration”※Line15-16:•Admit&absence:enjambment•Absence:trochee(扬抑格)•Doth:does•Elemented:startedorsparked3.AnalysisAnalysis5thstanzaline17-20：Butwe,byalovesomuchrefinedThatourselvesknownotwhatitis,Inter-assuredofthemind,Carelesseyes,lipsandhandstomiss.但我和你拥有如此纯洁的爱(or而我们被一种爱炼得如此精纯)，连我们自己都说不清道不明，心有灵犀，无疑又无忧，岂在乎眼、唇和手的交融。※Line19:•Inter-assuredofthemind:心心相印※Line20:•less&miss:eyerhyme:视觉韵•internalrhyme:中间韵•consonance:辅音韵3.AnalysisAnalysis6thstanzaline21-24：Ourtwosoulstherefore,whichareone,ThoughImustgo,endurenotyetAbreach,butanexpansion,Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat.你我的灵魂已融为一体，纵然我须离去，也不必忍受别离，别离只不过是一种延展，宛若黄金