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ThemasterythemeinRobinsonCrusoe论《鲁宾逊漂流记》的主题把握本文为2008年宁夏高校科研项目宁教高【2008293】号《高校英语教师介入学生自主学习效度研究》的部分内容Abstract:ThispapertriestoclarifythemasterythemeinRobinsonCrusoeinthreeaspects,andconcludesthatthiskindofattitudeistheoutcomeofsocialtransformationandauthor'spersonalexperience.摘要:本文从三个方面分析了《鲁宾逊漂流记》的主题把握,并得出结论这种态度是社会转变和作者亲身的经历作用的结果。Keywords:Defoe;thememastery;Crusoe;关键词:笛福主体把握漂流记文章编号:1007-0745(2009)12-0051-03Whileheisnoflashyheroorgreatepicadventurer,RobinsonCrusoecapturedreaders’attentionfromgenerationtogeneration.DanielDefoealsoachievedhisliteraryimmortalityafterthepublicationofthisbook.Crusoe’sstrongmindandperseveranceoflivinginanisolatedforyearsarepraiseworthyandarealwayssetexamplesforteenagersandthosewhointendtosucceed.Additionally,hisdiligenceandintelligenceinbuildinganewhomeandmakingpotteryuntilitworksfromclearlynothingarereallyamazing.HiskeenmindonbusinessearnedhisgreatamountofmoneydespiteofhisabsenceinBrazilfor28yearsandlefthisislandwithconsiderableamountofgold.HisfranknessinadmittinghisfearorpanicfeelingevenshowedhisdisobediencetoGodbeforehisConfession.GenerallyCrusoedepictedhimselfasacommonandsensitiveman,butnotahero.Criticsandcommentsaboutthisnovelalsocameintobeinginlargequantity.Hereinthisthesis,thethemeIwanttoexploreismainlyhismasteryconsciousnessindecisionmakingandhismasteryattitudetowardstheoutsideworld.1.Hismasteryattitudetowardshisfate.Aswecanseeinthefirstchapter,hisfatherwasasuccessfulmerchant“MyFather,whowasveryancient,hadgivenmeacompetentShareofLearning,asfarashouse-education,andacountryfree-schoolgenerallygoes,anddesignedmefortheLaw;”Hehasverygoodreasontostayathomeandleadacomfortableandrichlife.“Hepressedmeearnestly,andinthemostaffectionatemanner,nottoplaytheyoungman,nottoprecipitatemyselfintomiserieswhichnatureandthestationoflifeIwasbornin,seemedtohaveprovidedagainst;thatIwasundernonecessityofseekingmybread;thathewoulddowellforme;andendeavortoentermefairlyintothestationoflifewhichhehadbeenjustrecommendingtome;”Butheisnotasortofpersonwhointendstoindulgeingoodlife“butIwouldbesatisfiedwithnothingbutgoingtosea,andmyinclinationtothisledmesostronglyagainstthewill,nay,thecommands,ofmyFather,andagainstalltheEntreatiesandPersuasionsofmyMotherandotherfriends,thatthereseemedtobesomethingfatalinthatPropensionofNaturetendingdirectlytotheLifeofMiserywhichwastobefallme.”Hisstrongmasterymindenableshimtoomithisfather’swarningandputhis“ramblingthoughts”intoaction.JustasDoodyquotes“Crusoe’sfatherargues,witheloquenceanddeepconviction,thathisson’s“merewanderinginclination”willcertainlyleadtodisaster”.Atlast,he“consultedneitherfathernormotheranymore,norsomuchassentthemwordofit;butleavingthemtohearofitastheymight,withoutaskingGod’sblessing,ormyfather’s,withoutanyconsiderationofcircumstancesorconsequences,andinanillhour,Godknows.OnthefirstofSeptember1661,IwentonboardashipboundforLondon;”Howdecisivehewas!Inportrayingsucharebelliousimageinhisnovel,wehavetolookattheauthorDanielDefoehimself.“WhatDefoewrotewasintimatelyconnectedwiththesortoflifeheled,withthefriendsandenemieshemade,andwiththeinterestsofnaturaltoamerchantandaDissenter”.Thesesimilaritiesareseenthroughoutthenovel.LikeCrusoe,Defoealsorebelledagainsthisparents.UnlikeCrusoe,however,Defoeprintedmanyessaysandpapersthatrebelledagainstthegovernmentandsociety,justasAldousHuxley,authorofBraveNewWorld,didinEnglandbydepictingsocietylanguishinginsocialmalaise).ItwerethesewritingsthateventuallygotDefoechargedwithlibelandimprisoned.InDefoe’slifeitwastheministrythathisfatherwantedhimtopursue,but,instead,Defoechosetobecomeatradesman.ThedepthoftherelationshipbetweenCrusoeandhisparentsinthebookwasspecificallynotelaborateduponbecausehisparent’sbecomesymbolicnotonlyofallparents,butofsociety.Inkeepingthisambiguousrelationship,DefoeisabletomakeCrusoe’sabruptexodusmuchmorebelievableand,thus,morehumane.Thereader,inturn,supportsCrusoe’sdecisionseventhough“hissocialrelationshipswereshipwreckedbytherisingtideofindividualism”.Defoe,too,“shipwreckedfinancially”intheeconomicboominEnglandin1962inwhathewouldgoontosayshapedRobinsonCrusoe.2.Hismasteryattitudetowardsnature.ThispointcanbebestillustratedinDoody’sworks.“Thisstoryshowshowanordinaryman,quitealone,isabletosubduenaturetohisownmaterialpurposes,andeventuallytotriumphoverhisphysicalenvironment.InthecontextofCrusoe’slifeontheisland,rationalecologicalandeconomiclaborcanbeseenasthemoralpremisewhichunderlieshischaracter.WhenCrusoeisfirstcastashoreheistiredandmiserable,buthisfirstactis“toseeifIcouldfindanyfreshwatertodrink,whichIdidtomygreatjoy”;hecutshimselfashortstick“formydefenses:;andthatnighthesleepsupatree.Nextdayherealizesthatthereisnoimmediatedanger,andsohesleepsontheground,surroundedbythechestsandwoodenboardsthathehasbeguncollectingfromthewreck.Onthethirdnighthesleepsinatent,againsurroundedbyhissupplies.Later,whenthewreckhasblownawaybythestorm,thereismoretimetoworkonhisabode.Hefindsthecave,andfortifiesitwithahalf-circleoftworowsofstakes.Laterstill,heelaborateshisaccommodationbyexcavatingsafeanddryroomforstorage.Crusoe’senthusia