美国历史英语简介ppt

welcomeHistoryoftheUnitedStatesIntroduction•TheDiscoveryofAmerica•TheWarofIndependence•TheAmericanCivilWar•WestwardExpansion•TheGreatDepressionIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheDiscoveryofAmericaColumbus•In1492,ColumbuslandedatoneoftheCaribbeanislands.•ColumbuscalledthelocalpeopleIndians.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureAmerigoVespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为America）•Hefirstconfirmedthefactthatanewcontinenthadbeendiscovered.•TheNewWorldwasnamedAmericatohonorAmerigoVespucci.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheFirstPermanentEnglishColony•In1607•ThreeshipscrossedtheAtlanticOceanandlandedbythesideofariver--theJamesRiver.•ThefirstEnglishcolonywasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheFoundingoftheThirteenColonies•Duringthefirst150years,theBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericabecamea“meltingpot”.•Bytheearly1760s,Englishsettlershadestablished13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheBirthoftheUnitedStatesTheConflictbetweenBritainandtheAmericanColonistsTheWarofIndependenceIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheConflictbetweenBritainandtheAmericanColonistsBackgroundTheBritishgovernmentstartedimposingnewtaxesonsugar,coffeeandtextiles(纺织业).TheypassedmanylawssuchastheQuarteringActandtheStampAct(印花税法).IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureBostonTeaParty波士顿倾茶事件BackgroundIn1773,Britishgovernmentpassedanewlaw---theTeaAct.Slogan“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”TimeDecember16,1773EventAgroupofAmericansthrew342boxesofteaintoBostonHarbour(波士顿港）.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheWarofIndependence•Time–OnOctober19,1781•Result–TheBritishsoldierswereforcedtosurrender.•Consequences–GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresident.–The4thofJulybecamethenationalholidayofAmerica---theIndependenceDay.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureCompleteaTimeline•1763:TheFrenchandIndianWarended•1773:_______________________________•1774:TheFirstContinentalCongress•1775:________________________________•1776:________________________________•1781:________________________________BostonTeaParty/TeaActTheWarofIndependencebeganDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedTheWarofIndependenceendedIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheDeclarationofIndependenceOnJuly4,1776theSecondContinentalCongressofficiallydeclaredindependenceandformedtheUnitedStatesofAmericabyadoptingtheDeclarationofIndependence,writtenbyThomasJefferson（托马斯·杰斐逊）ofVirginia.(July4iscelebratedasthenation'sbirthday.)WestwardExpansion–“ManifestDestiny”西进运动1.Thehardshipofearlypioneersettlers–OregonTrail(俄勒冈小道)•Thetriponfoottookfourtosixmonths.•CaliforniaGoldRush加州淘金者PeopletraveledtoCaliforniainthesearchforquickriches.Thenumberofwestwardmigrantsmultiplied.TheAmericanCivilWar南北战争Northernvs.SouthernAbrahamLincolnIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureNorthernvs.Southern•ThreesignificantconflictsbetweentheNorthandSouthofAmerica.–Theslaveproblem–Differenteconomicinterests–Thepoliticalconflict•Majorissue–SlaveryIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureNorthernvs.Southern•TheSouthernstates•ClaimedforthemselvestheConfederateStates(ortheConfederacy)•Slaverycontinued•TheNorthernStates•FoughttomaintaintheUnion•CalledtheUnionStates•SlaveryhadbeenabolishedIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureNorthernvs.SouthernIssuesSouthernStatesNorthernStatesEconomyPlantations__________centerSlavery__________AbolishedPoliticalpowerMorepowerful__________powerfulSupportTheConfederacy____________ManufacturingContinuedLessTheUnionIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureAbrahamLincoln•March1861--tooktheofficeofthepresident.•April12,1861--theCivilWarbegan.•September22,1862--issuedtheEmancipationProclamation–whichgrantedfreedomtoabout4millionslaves.•MadeafamousspeechinGettysburg.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheCivilWar•onApril9,1865–TheCivilWarofficiallyendedwiththeunconditionalsurrenderoftheSouth.•Consequence•Itresolvedtwofundamentalissues:–Slaverywascompletelyabolished;–Americabecameasingleandstrongernation.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheGreatDepression①InOctober1929,thestockmarketcrashed,marketingthebeginningoftheGreatDepression.②Duringthistime,theUnitedStatesexperienceddeflation,unemploymentsoaredfrom3%in1929to25%in1933,andmanufacturingoutputcollapsedbyone-third.•DorotheaLange‘sMigrantMother,depictsdestitutepeapickersinCaliforniaFranklinRooseveltandtheNewDeal罗斯福新政①Hoover’sresponsetothedepression②PresidentandMrs.Roosevelt“Firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself－nameless,unreasoning,unjustifiedterrorwhichparalyzesneededeffortstoconvertretreatintoadvance.”③FDRandtheEarlyPhasesoftheNewDealTobringimmediaterelieftothosewhoweresufferingPublicWorksAdministrationCivilWorksAdministrationTobringtheeconomybacktoprosperityAgriculturalAdjustmentAdministrationTennesseeValleyAuthorityToputsafeguardsinplacesothatthesamesituationwouldnotoccuragainFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationSecuritiesandExchangeCommission④TheSecondNewDeal⑤TheNewDealdidnotpullthenationoutoftheGreatDepressionHowever,itdid