搜索
-定语从句知识准备什么是定语用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。Thisisabigroom.Thewindowsoftheroomareopen.ThisisthebikethatIboughtyesterday.定语的位置Thisisaflowerbasket.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.什么形式作定语adj.n.num.pron.-ing–ed,todo,短语、名词所有格、定语从句Mybrotherboughtmeabeautifuldress.Heworksveryhardathislessons.Webelongtothethirdworld.Doyouknowthemancomingtous?Wemustfindwaystoworkoutthisproblem.Heisaboyofseventeen.Themanwhoisspeakingtomyfatherisourheadteacher.为什么用定语从句当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。这是我的杯子Thisismycup.这是装满水的杯子。Thisisacupfullofwater.这是我喝茶用的杯子。ThisisacupwhichIdrinkteawith.我认识那个高个子的人。Iknowthetallman.我认识那个戴眼镜的人。Iknowthemanwithapairofglasses.我认识你正在找的那个人。Iknowthemanwhomyouarelookingfor.定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。一、定语从句基本结构Hewasholdingontoatreethatgrewagainstthewall.主句:Hewasholdingontoatree.从句：Atreegrewagainstthewall.名词/代词(先行词）+定语从句关系词引导定语从句，同时在意义上指代先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分，先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用1）2）3）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：二、定语从句的种类限定性定语从句：和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分割的关系，少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象。非限制性定语从句：和它的先行词之间是比较松散的关系，它不是先行词不可缺少的成分，而是仅仅对先行词做一些补充和说明。类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开有that无thatRevision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略不可以省略三、关系词在句中成分指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()定语宾语宾语四、引导定语从句的关系词指代人who，whom，that指代事物which，that,as所属关系whose，ofwhich指地点where指时间when指原因why1）关系代词限制性定语从句中,做宾语的关系代词可以省略非限制性定语从句中,所有的关系词都不可以省略主语宾语定语指代人who,thatwhom,that,whowhose=ofwhom指代物which,thatwhich,thatwhose=ofwhich指代整句话(非限制性定语从句)which,aswhich,astheusageoftherelativeadverbs关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial2）当先行词是物时,关系代词that和which都可以，但下列情况只用that不用which。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?Thereislittlethatcanbebelievedaboutit.Thebookdoesn’tsaymuchthatamuseschildren.A：先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.Nosamplethatwehavereceivedissatisfactory.Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.B：先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last,just修饰时。HamburgisthemostbeautifulcitythatI’veeverseen.ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.ThefirstmuseumthathevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.C：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.Avictimisaperson,animalorthingthatsufferspain,death,harm,etc.D：先行词中既有人又有事物时.Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?Whothatyouaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow?E：who做先行词时，为避免重复，引导定语从句用that。F：关系代词在从句中作表语时。Itisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.6.句子中有两个定语从句时，其中一个已用关系代词which,另外一个宜用that，如：Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，如：Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.Hewhobreaksthelawispunished.HewhohasnotbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.*****在anyone,those,he,sheI,they作先行词时,通常用“who”不用“that”.3)不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhomA:在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.不论做宾语还是主语，都不可以省略。Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhomB:当介词提到关系代词前面时，指事物用which，指人用whom。4)whose引导的定语从句。表示所属关系,whose+n.=ofwhich/whom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whomTheriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose5)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare60studentsinourclass,twothirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedoorfacessouth.Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.=Theyliveinahouse,ofwhichthedoorfacessouth.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5of_______arewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostof________waswrittenin1930s.Therearetwoleft,oneof_______isalmostfinished,andtheotherof_______isnotquite.Ihaveasentence,themeaningof_______Idon’tunderstand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom6)介词提到关系代词前时,介词的选用1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.但有少数的几个固定结构中的介词不可提前,如：lookafter。Fillingblanks:1.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.withwhominwhich7)引导非限制性定语从句时,as,which可以代替上文提到的一句话.Which只可以放在后半句的开头;as既可