研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版-课后习题答案-Lesson-1-2-4-6-8-12

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Lesson1WorldEnglish:ABlessingoraCurse(p7)1.Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsocialgroups,Bfromthefarmingcommunity.A.straightforwardly(直接地)B.notably(显著地,尤其)C.virtually(事实上)D.exceptionally(例外地)译文:社会团体,尤其是农业团体,对此有许多反对意见。2.TheAviewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.A.predominant(占支配地位的)B.credulous(轻信的)C.inclusive(包含的)D.sustainable(可持续的)译文:英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为,老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立,而且往往是贫穷。3.Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemostDofgovernments.A.tough(困难的)B.demanding(苛求的)C.diverse(不同的)D.benign(有利的;善良的)译文:但是,这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。4.TheforemanreadtheCofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.A.prejudice(偏见)B.verification(政审)C.verdict(判断;裁决)D.punishment(惩罚)译文:陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决,为每位被告都念了一遍。5.Theyfearitcouldhavea(n)Beffectonglobalfinancialmarkets.A.sizeable(相当大的)B.adverse(不利的)C.benefical(有利的)D.consequential(重要的)译文:他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不良影响。6.TheUNthreatenedtoDeconomicsanctionsifthetalkswerebrokenoff.A.engage(吸引;使订婚)B.pursue(继续)C.abandon(抛弃)D.invoke(诉诸)译文:如果谈判破裂,联合国威胁要诉诸经济制裁。7.ThereareatleastfourcrucialdifferencesbetweenthenewAandtheoldgovernment.A.regime(政权)B.hegemony(霸权)C.complex(情节)D.federation(联合;联邦)译文:新政权和旧政府之间至少有四个关键的区别。8.ThesequestionsBachallengetoestablishedattitudeofsuperioritytowardtheoutsideworld.A.evolve(发展;进化)B.constitute(形成;等同于)C.tolerate(忍受)D.aroused(引起)译文:这些问题构成了对既定的对外优越态度的挑战。9.Becauseofthis,astrongadministrativeAwasneededtoplantheuseofscarceresources,organizeproductionandregulatedistribution.A.apparatus(组织机构)B.constitution(宪法)C.insistence(坚持;强调)D.promotion(提升)译文:因此,需要一个强有力的行政机构来规划稀少资源的使用、组织生产和管制分配。10.IlearntthattherearenogenuinelyCanimalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.A.endangered(濒于灭绝的)B.domesticated(驯养)C.indigenous(土生土长的)D.extinct(灭绝的;绝种的)译文:我了解到这个地区没有真正的土生土长的动物,所有的动物都是从其他地方带来的。pointup(强调)byandlarge(总的来说)takein(吸收,吸纳)descent(血统)forgoodorill(无论好坏)leaveaside(搁置)crystalclear(显而易见的)dieout(灭绝)endanger(危害)lay...atthedoorof(归咎于)1.Thebookconcludeswithareviewofthepossibleimpactofmoreintimatecomputers,forgoodorillinvariousareasofhumanlife.译文:这本书的结尾回顾了更亲密的电脑可能带来的影响,无论是好是坏,在人类生活的各个领域。2.Moreover,ithadbecomeclearfromtheopinionpollsthattheunpopularityofthenewtaxwasbeinglaidatthedoorofthegovernmentwhichhadintroducedit,ratherthanthelocalauthoritieswhowereresponsibleforlevyingandcollectingit.译文:此外,从民意调查中可以清楚地看出,新税不受欢迎的原因是推行新税的政府,而不是负责征收和征收新税的地方当局。3.Thiscasegavetheexampleofbreakingsomeone'sarm:thatisareallyseriousinjury,butonewhichisunlikelytoendangerthevictim'slife.译文:这个案例给出了打断别人胳膊的例子:这是一个非常严重的伤害,但不太可能危及受害者的生命。4.ManyofthosewhoholditliveinpoorareasandsomeareColored,thatis,ofmixedEuropeanandAfricandescent.译文:许多持有它的人生活在贫困地区,一些是有色人种,即欧洲和非洲混血。5.Thisdebateisimportantbecauseitpointsupthatthefactsarenotnecessarilyassimpleandstraightforwardastheymightatfirstsightseem.译文:这场辩论之所以重要,是因为它指出,“事实”不一定像乍一看那么简单明了。6.Inthebeginning,themeaningoflifemightbedebated,butoncepastthefirstperiod,manyoftheconversationsfollowawell-wornroutefromonetopictothenextandbackagain,takinginmostofhumanlife.译文:一开始,人们可能会争论生命的意义,但一旦过了第一阶段,许多对话就会沿着一条老生常谈的路线从一个话题转到另一个话题,然后再转回来,占据人类生活的大部分时间。7.Butsinceagricultureformsthebasisofourindustry,itwas,byandlarge,alsoanintensificationofthecrisisinthenationaleconomyingeneral.译文:但是,由于农业是我们工业的基础,总的来说,它也加剧了整个国民经济的危机。8.Letusleaveasideotherrelevantfactorssuchaseducation,careerstructure,payandconditionsofserviceandconcentrateonmanpowermanagement.译文:让我们把教育、职业结构、薪酬和服务条件等其他相关因素放在一边,集中精力进行人力管理。9.Itistruethattheexactnatureofthisissueisuncertain.However,onethingiscrystalclear.itwillnotendangertheplanetanditsinhabitants.译文:的确,这个问题的确切性质是不确定的。然而,有一件事是非常清楚的,那就是它不会危及地球及其居民。10.Butifanimalpopulationsaretoosmall,thentheysimplydieout.译文:但是如果动物数量太少,它们就会灭绝。1.ForEnglishisakiller.ItisEnglishthathaskilledoffCumbric,Cornish,NornandManx.TherearestillpartsoftheseislandswheresizeablecommunitiesspeaklanguagesthatweretherebeforeEnglish.YetEnglishiseverywhereineverydayuseandunderstoodbyallorvirtuallyall,constitutingsuchathreattothethreeremainingCelticlanguages,Irish,ScottishGaelic,andWelsh...thattheirlong-termfuturemustbeconsidered...verygreatlyatrisk.因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大,它们的未来岌岌可危。2.Healsoassociatedsuchpolicieswithaprejudicewhichhecallslinguicism(aconditionparalleltoracismandsexism).AsPhillipsonseesit,leadinginstitutionsandindividualswithinthepredominantlywhiteEnglish-speakingworld,have(bydesignordefault)encouragedoratleasttolerated-andcertainlyhavenotopposed-thehegemonicspreadofEnglish,aspreadwhichbegansomethreecenturiesagoaseconomicandcolonialexpansion.同时,他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视(和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似)的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来,在以白人英语为主导的世界,最重要的机构和个人(有意或无意地)鼓励或者至少是容忍了(肯定没有反对)英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。3Byandlarge,wenowviewthemasmoreorlessbenign,andoftentalkwithadmirationandappreciationabouttheculturesassociatedwiththemandwhattheyhavegiventotheworld.Anditisfairlysafetodothis,becausenoneofthemnowposesmuchofathreat.总的来说,我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时,我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