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㈠1.it作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningboisabeautifulcity,isn’tit?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.1.3.也可指抽象事物:Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat．2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it：2.1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?Itisabitwindy.2.2.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.2.3.指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecafé.2.4.指距离：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentre.㈡.引导词it1.Itis+被强调部分+that...使用该句型有以下几点请注意：①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet．②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday．③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday．2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday．④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。Itistheywhoareourfriends．Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthatwegothomelastnight．⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。Itiswas…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)Itwasteno'clockwhenwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasatteno'clockthatwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。要点点拔第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成“Wegothometeno'clocklastnight．”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．2.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.3.it用作形式主语3.1代替主语从句1）Itis+adj.+that从句①Itisclear(obvious，true，possiblecertain....)that.....“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.②.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural...)that...that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.2）.Itis+v-ed+that从句①Itissaid(reported，learned....)that...据说（据报道，据悉．．．）“。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.②.Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.3）.Itisapity(ashame...)that...that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.4).①Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟．常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.②Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...“是第一（二）．．．次．．．”。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.5).Ithappens(seems，looks，appears)that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．.Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来．．．3.2.作形式主语替代不定式1).Ittakessb....todosth.＂做．．．要花费某人．．＂IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.2).Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，stupid，wisewrong等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.。Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.3).Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.常见的形容词有：①important，necessary，natural②easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult,dangerous，等。在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是nogood，(notanygood)，nouse，(notanyuse)。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.3.3.作形式主语替代ing形式4.It作形式宾语.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.五、特殊句型1).Itis....since...。Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.2).Itis...when...。“当．．．的时候，是．．．”Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.3).Itbe...before...该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long，notlong，3days，2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“．．．之后．．．”。Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.4）.Itlooks(seems)asif...该句型中it无意义，asif引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）Itlooksasifhewereill.（没有生病）Itseemedasifheweredying5）.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)...该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.6）makeit及时赶到;成功;办成Youcanmakeitifyouhurry.Youneedn’tworry;hewillmakeit.7）catchit被责骂;受处罚IfIcomehomelateI’llcatchitfrommymother.You’llcatchitbecauseofyourcarelessness.8）.It的一些习惯用法Howisitwithyourstudy?学习好吗？That’sit.这就对了。Itwenthardwithhim.他身遇不幸。Itisalloverwithme.我完蛋了。Wemustfightitout.我们必须坚持到底。Ican’thelpit.我没有办法。