Chapter2Instruments信用工具第一节票据概述一、Definitionofcreditinstrument票据的概念•Acreditinstrumentisawrittenorprintedpaperbymeansofwhichfundsaretransferredfromonepersontoanother.Creditinstrumentsmostcommonlyusedininternationalpaymentsandsettlementsarebillsofexchange,promissorynotesandchecks.Theyarealsoknown,negotiableinstruments.•Creditinstrumentsmayalsotakesuchformsastraveler’scheque,certificatesofdeposit,treasurybills,treasurybonds,etc.二、Instrumentscharacteristic:•1)Negotiability•2)Non-causativeNature•3)RequisiteinForm•4)Presentment•5)Return-ability流通性无因性要式性提示性返还性1.Negotiability流通性•Anegotiablebillmaybepayabletotheorderofaspecifiedperson.•Anegotiablebillmaybepayabletobearer.•Abillonwhichtheonlyorlastendorsementisanendorsementinblankmaybenegotiable.•Abillpayabletoaspecifiedpersondoesnotcontainwordsprohibitingtransferorindicatinganintentionthatitshouldnotbetransferable,itmayalsobenegotiable.2.Non-causativeNature无因性•Thereason(s)ofissueorendorseneednottowriteonthefaceofthebill.3.RequisiteinForm要式性•Thebillmustcontainstheprerequisiteitemsrequiredbythelaw.4.Presentment提示性•Presentforpayment•Presentforacceptance三、Thethreeimportantnegotiableinstruments:•(1)Billofexchange汇票•(2)Promissorynote本票•(3)Cheque支票第二节汇票一、BillofExchange/Draft/Exchange汇票的定义二、Essentialsofabillofexchange汇票的要式项目三、Actsofabillofexchange汇票的票据行为四、Typesofbillofexchange汇票种类一、汇票的概念•《英国票据法》对汇票的定义:汇票是由一人开致另一人的书面的无条件命令,由发出命令的人签名,要求接受命令的人在要求付款时立即,或在固定时间,或在可以确定的将来时间,把一定金额的货币支付给一个特定的人,或他的指定人,或来人。•Abillofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyonepersontoanother,signedbythepersongivingit,reguringthepersontowhomtowhomitisaddressedtopayondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedperson,ortobearer.ExchangeforGBP5000,00Beijing,5,April,2002At90daysaftersightpaytotheorderofCCo.thesumofFIVETHOUSANDPOUNDSTOBankofEuropeFORACompanyLondonBeijingAuthorizedSignatureACCEPTED20,APRIL,2002FORBANKOFEUROPESIGNATUREThreebasicpartiesdrawer出票人draweePayee收款人payer付款人PresentforpaymentPresentforacceptanceissue二、Essentialsofabillofexchange汇票的基本项目(必要项目)•①Theword“Exchange”汇票字样•②Anunconditionalorderinwriting无条件支付命令•③Amount金额•④Tenor付款期限•⑤DateandplaceofIssue出票时间地点•⑥Nameandaddressofthedrawee付款人名称地址•⑦Nameorbusinessentityofthepayee收款人名称•⑧Drawer’ssignature(s)出票人签名①③⑥ExchangeforGBP5000.00Beijing,5thApril2002⑧②⑤At90daysaftersightpaytoBCo.ororderthesumoffivethousandpounds③④ToBankofEurope,ForACompanyLondon(signature)⑦②无条件支付命令③确定金额④付款人名称和地点⑥出票地点和日期⑤收款人⑦出票人名称及签字⑧付款期限①汇票字样图2-3汇票式样图2-3汇票式样二、汇票的必要项目1.“汇票”字样2.无条件支付命令(UnconditionalOrdertoPay)•命令:英语原文是Order。必须用“祈使句”,以动词开头。•我国《票据法》规定为“无条件支付的委托”,其实质也是一种命令,而不是一种请求。•支付必须是无条件。•书面的:凡手写的、打字的、印刷的、电脑打出的都是书面的。汇兑功能支付必须是无条件①PaytoABCo.ororderthesumofonethousandUSdollars.②PaytoABCo.providingthegoodstheysupplyarecompliedwithcontractthesumofonethousandUSdollars.③PaytoABCo.outoftheproceedsinourNo.3accountthesumofonethousandUSdollars.④PaytoABCo.ororderthesumofonethousandUSdollarsanddebitsametoapplicant’saccountmaintainedwithyou.⑤PaytoABCo.ororderthesumofonethousandUSdollars.DrawnunderL/CNo.3217issuedbyCBank.汇兑功能3.一定的金额(CertaininMoney)以金钱表示确定的金额(不论是出票人、付款人还是持票人,任何人根据票据文义计算的结果都一样。)PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollars.PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollarsplusinterest.PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollarsplusinterestcalculatedattherateof6%p.a.fromthedatehereoftothedateofpayment.PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollarsbyinstalment.PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollarsbytenequalconsecutivemonthlyinstalment.PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollarsconvertedintosterlingequivalent.PaytotheorderofABCCo.thesumofonethousandUSdollarsconvertedintosterlingequivalentatcurrentrateofexchange.(现行汇率:付款日当天的汇率)汇兑功能大小写如果大小写不一致,《英国票据法》和《日内瓦统一法》都规定以大写为准,但实际做法多是退票;我国《票据法》第八条规定:“票据金额以中文大写和数码同时记载,二者必须一致,二者不一致的,票据无效。”此外,汇票金额不得涂改,也不得加盖校对章。用文字大写和数字小写分别表示。如果文字与数字不符,如何处理?4.付款人名称(Drawee)和付款地点(PlaceofPayment)•付款人也称为受票人,是指票据上载明的承担付款责任的人,也就是根据持票人的命令支付票据金额,以消灭票据关系的人。•付款地点是指持票人提示票据请求付款的地点。5.收款人名称(Payee)•汇票是债权凭证,收款人是汇票上记名的债权人。“抬头”。(1)限制性抬头•对限制性抬头的汇票,票据的债务人只对记明的收款人负责。因此,限制性抬头的票据不可流通转让。•仅付A公司(PaytoACo.only);•付给B公司,不能转让(PaytoBCo.,NotTransferable);•付给C公司(PaytoCCo.),但在票据其他地方有“不可转让”(Nottransferable)的字样。(2)指示性抬头•指可以由收款人或其委托人、指定人提示取款的汇票。•收款人可以通过背书将汇票转让给他人,由受让人以持票人身份取款。•付给A的指定人(PaytotheOrderofA)•付给B或其指定人(PaytoBorOrder)•付给C(PaytoC)(3)来人抬头•又称持票人抬头,无须背书,只要通过简单交付就可实现转让。•付给来人(PayBearer)•付给A或来人(PaytoAorBearer)•在实务中,票据的收款人也可以是出票人自己,称为“己收汇票”6.出票日期(DateofIssue)和地点(PlaceofIssue)•指汇票签发的具体时间。出票日期有三个重要作用:决定汇票的有效期;决定到期日;决定出票人的行为效力。•出票地点指出票人签发汇票的地点,对国际汇票具有重要意义,因为票据是否成立是以出票地法律来衡量的。•7.出票人签字(SignatureoftheDrawer)•票据必须经出票人签字才能成立。•签字原则是票据法最重要和最基本的原则之一,票据责任的承担以签字为条件,谁签字,谁负责,不签字就不负责。•“For、Onbehalfof、Perpro.”,并在个人签字后写上职务名称。•例如:ForABCCo.Ltd.,London•JohnSmithManager8.付款期限(Tenor)•付款期限种类•到期日计算法TenorSightbill定期付款汇票板期付款汇票延期付款汇票Usancebill见票远期汇票出票远期汇票固定日期后远期汇票Atxxdays/xxmonthsaftersightpayto____Atxxdays/xxmonthsafterdatepayto____Atxxdays/xxmonthsafter10,Julypayto_AtxxdaysafterthedateofBillsofLadingpayto_Atxxdaysafterpresentationofdocumentspay