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I目录一、绪论...........................................................................................................................................11.1.选题意义...........................................................................................................................11.2.运料小车发展历史及现状...............................................................................................11.3.课题的意义及应用...........................................................................................................2二、PLC应用....................................................................................................................................42.1PLC的定义、硬件结构、工作原理以及系统设计........................................................42.1.1PLC的定义............................................................................................................42.1.2PLC的硬件结构....................................................................................................42.1.3PLC的工作原理....................................................................................................52.1.4PLC的系统设计......................................................................................................62.2系统的资源分配................................................................................................................82.2.1系统的I/O资源分配............................................................................................82.3系统PLC的具体设计........................................................................................................92.3.1系统顺序流程图..................................................................................................102.3.2系统梯形图..........................................................................................................102.3.3系统的语句表（STL）........................................................................................12三、运料小车的硬件设计.............................................................................................................163.1小车运行示意图..............................................................................................................163.2系统工作原理分析及要求..............................................................................................163.3小车运行分析..................................................................................................................163.4运料小车硬件介绍..........................................................................................................18四、工作总结.................................................................................................................................204.1设计总结..........................................................................................................................204.1．1小车的优缺点分析............................................................................................204.1.2设计的改进及推广..............................................................................................20参考文献.........................................................................................................................................221基于PLC的自动运料小车设计摘要PLC（Programmablecontroller）是可编程序控制器的简称，定义为“一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为工业环境下应用而设计”。是为了满足人们对控制装的提出的经济、可靠、通用、易变、易修而应运而生的。故而在PLC被设计出制造出来之后，得到了非常广泛的应用。并且由于应用领域的及用途不断扩大，PLC自身也在这种情势发展迅猛。致使PLC在制作成本持续下降的前提下，保持着提高集成度、缩小体积、加大自身容量、提升运行速度、方便使用和综合性能加强的发展趋势。当前由于PLC具有的价格低廉、可靠性高、适用性强、使用简单灵活、维护和修改方便等优点，在世界范围内的各个行业领域得到了广泛的应用。由于国内制造业的迅猛发展，传统的人工运输生产材料方式已成为提高生产力的桎梏，而本设计中将运料小车这一重要生产工具由手动变为自动化，在大大的提高生产效率的同时，还解放了劳动力、保障了生产安全、降低了生产对于环境的要求，并在一定程度上提高了生产自动化的程度。本设计以PLC的历史和运料小车的现状为切入点，详细讲述了用PLC来控制运料小车的系统相对于其他的自动生产系统目前所具有的优势及良好前景。并为该系统提出了一系列严谨细致且切实可行的设计。关键词:PLC（可编程控制器），三相异步电机，自动运料小车2AutomaticHaulCarDesignBasedonPLCAbstractPLC(Programmablecontroller)isreferredtoasprogrammablelogiccontrollers,definedasanelectronicdigitalcomputingoperatingsystem,designedforindustrialenvironmentapplicationsanddesign.Inordertomeetpeople'seconomiccontrolequipmentproposed,reliable,universal,variable,easytorepairandcameintobeing.Therefore,afterthePLCisdesignedmanufactured,hasbeenverywidelyused.Andbecauseapplicationsandusesexpanding,PLCitselfisalsosuchasituationisdevelopingrapidly.PLCcausingproductioncostscontinuedtodeclineinthepremise,tomaintainahigherintegrationandreducethesizeandincreasetheircapacitytoenhancethespeed,easeofuseandenhancedoverallperformancetrends.PLChasacurrentduetolowprices,highreliability,applicability,easytouseandflexible,andeasytomaintainandmodify,invariousindustrysectorsworldwidehasbeenwidelyused.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofdomesticmanufacturing,transportationandproductionmaterialstraditionalmanualmethodstoincreaseproductivityhasbecomeshackles,andthedesignwillhaulthecarthisimportantproductiontoolmanuallyintoautomation,greatlyimprovingproductionefficiencyatthesametime,alsoliberatedworkforcetoensureproductionsafetyandreducetheproductionrequirementsoftheenvironment,andtosomeextent,improvethedegreeofproductionautomation.ThedesignofthehistoryandcurrentsituationofPLChaulthecarasastartingpoint,adetai