英国文学名词解释大全(整理版)

名词解释1.Epic(史诗)（appearedinthetheAnglo-SaxonPeriod）Itisanarrativeofheroicaction,oftenwithaprincipalhero,usuallymythicalinitscontent,grandinitsstyle,offeringinspirationandennoblementwithinaparticularcultureornationaltradition.Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofgreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Epicisanextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,likeHomer’sIliad&Odyssey.Itusuallycelebratesthefeatsofoneormorelegendaryortraditionalheroes.Theactionissimple,butfullofmagnificence.Today,somelongnarrativeworks,likenovelsthatrevealanage&itspeople,arealsocalledepic.E.g.Beowulf（thepagan（异教徒），secular(非宗教的)poetry）Iliad《伊利亚特》，Odyssey《奥德赛》ParadiseLost《失乐园》，TheDivineComedy《神曲》2.Romance（传奇）(Anglo-NormanfeudalEngland)•Romanceisanyimaginativeliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.•Originally,thetermreferredtoamedieval(中世纪)taledealingwiththeloveandadventuresofkings,queens,knights,andladies,andincludingsupernaturalhappenings.Form:longcomposition,inverse,inproseContent:descriptionoflifeandadventuresofanobleheroCharacter:aknight,amanofnoblebirth,skilledintheuseofweapons;oftendescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,takingpartintournaments(骑士比武),orfightingforhislordinbattles;devotedtothechurchandtheking•Romancelacksgeneralresemblancetotruthorreality.•Itexaggeratesthevicesofhumannatureandidealizesthevirtues.•Itcontainsperilous(dangerous)adventuresmoreorlessremotefromordinarylife.•Itlaysemphasisonsupremedevotiontoafairlady.①TheRomanceCycles/Groups/DivisionsThreeGroupsmattersofBritainAdventuresofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable（亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士）mattersofFranceEmperorCharlemagneandhispeersmattersofRomeAlexandertheGreatandtheattacksofTroyLeMorteD’Arthur（亚瑟王之死）②ClassNature(阶级性)oftheRomanceLoyaltytokingandlordwasthethemeoftheromances,asloyaltywasthecorner-stone（themostimportantpart基石）offeudalmorality.Theromanceswerecomposednotforthecommonbutforthenoble,ofthenoble,andbythepoetspatronized（supported庇护,保护）bythenoble.3.Alliteration（押头韵）:arepeatedinitial(开头的)consonant(协调,一致)tosuccessive(连续的)words.e.g.1.Tohiskinthekindest,keenestforpraise.2.Singasongofsouthernsinger4.Understatement（低调陈述）（forironicalhumor）nottroublesome:verywelcomeneednotpraise:arighttocondemn5.Chronicle《编年史》（amonumentofOldEnglishprose）6.Ballads（民谣）（ThemostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliterature）①Definition:Aballadisanarrativepoemthattellsastory,andisusuallymeanttobesungorrecitedinmusicalform.AnimportantstreamoftheMedievalfolkliterature②FeaturesofEnglishBallads1.TheballadsareinvariousEnglishandScottishdialects.2.Theywerecreatedcollectivelyandrevisedwhenhandeddownfrommouthtomouth.3.Theyaremainlytheliteratureofthepeasants,andgiveanoutlookoftheEnglishcommonpeopleinfeudalsociety.③Stylistic（风格上）FeaturesoftheBallads1.Composedincouplets（相连并押韵的两行诗,对句）orinquatrains（四行诗）knownastheballadstanza（民谣诗节）,rhymingababorabcb,withthefirstandthirdlinescarrying4accentedsyllables（重读音节）andthesecondandfourthcarrying3.2.Simple,plainlanguageordialect（方言，土语）ofthecommonpeoplewithcolloquial（口语的，会话的）,vividand,sometimes,idiomatic（符合当地语言习惯的）expressions3.Tellingagoodstorywithavividpresentationaroundthecentralplot.4.Usingahighproportionofdialoguewitharomanticortragicdimension（方面）toachievedramaticeffect.④SubjectsofEnglishBallads1.struggleofyounglovers2.conflictbetweenloveandwealth3.crueltyofjealousy4.criticismofthecivilwar5.mattersofclassstruggle7.Heroiccouplet（英雄双韵体）（introducedbyGeoffreyChaucer）Definition:therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter;averseforminepicpoetry,withlinesoftensyllablesandfivestresses,inrhymingpairs.英雄诗体/英雄双韵体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。8.couplet（两行诗，对句）:Twoconsecutivelinesofpoetrythatrhyme.Aheroiccoupletisaniambicpentametercouplet.DuringtheRestorationperiodandthe18thC.itwasapopularverseform.9.iambicpentameter:ApoeticlineconsistingoffiveVersefeet(penta-isfromaGreekwordmeaning“five”),witheachfootaniamb--thatis,anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.10.Rhyme（韵，押韵）:therepetition(反复)ofsoundsintwoormorewordsorphrasesthatappearclosetoeachotherinapoem.E.g.river/shiver,song/long11.meter(格律)（属于Prosody['prɔsədɪ]（韵文学;诗体学；(某语言的)韵律(学)））:Agenerallyregularpatternofstressedandunstressedsyllables（音节）inpoetry.Themeterswithtwo-syllablefeetare:Iambic(x/)（抑扬格）:ThattimeofyearthoumaystinmebeholdTrochaic(/x)（扬抑格）:TellmenotinmournfulnumbersSpondaic(//)（扬扬格）:Break,break,break/Onthycoldgraystones,OSea!Themeterswiththree-syllablefeetare:anapestic(xx/)（抑抑扬格）:Andthesoundofavoicethatisstilldactylic(/xx)（强弱格，长短格，扬抑抑格）:Thisistheforestprimeval,themurmuringpinesandthehemlock(atrocheereplacesthefinaldactyl)12.Rhythm（节奏，韵律）（属于Prosody['prɔsədɪ]（韵文学;诗体学；(某语言的)韵律(学)））：referstotheregularrecurrence（反复，重现）oftheaccent（重读）orstressinpoemorsong.e.g.therhythmofdayandnight,theseasonalrhythmoftheyear,thebeatofourhearts,andtheriseandfallofseatides,etc.basicpatternsofrhythmsa)Iambicfoot(iamb['aiæmb])（抑扬格）:anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyanstressedoneasintheword“prevent”or“about”It’stimethechildrenwenttobed.We’lllearn