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20种常见氨基酸的名称和结构式名称英文缩写分子量结构式非极性氨基酸甘氨酸GlycineGlyG75.052CH2COONH3脂肪族丙氨酸AlanineAlaA89.079CHCOONH3CH3脂肪族亮氨酸*LeucineLeuL131.16CHCOONH3(CH3)2CHCH2脂肪族异亮氨酸*IsoleucineIleI131.16CHCOONH3CH3CH2CHCH3脂肪族缬氨酸*ValineValV117.133CHCOONH3(CH3)2CH脂肪族脯氨酸ProlineProP115.117COONHH亚氨基酸苯丙氨酸*PhenylalaninePheF165.177CHCOONH3CH2芳香族蛋(甲硫)氨酸*MethionineMetM149.199CHCOONH3CH3SCH2CH2含硫色氨酸*TryptophanTrpW204.213NCH2CHCOONH3H芳香族非电离的极性氨基酸丝氨酸SerineSerS105.078CHCOONH3HOCH2羟基谷氨酰胺GlutamineGlnQ146.131CH2CH2CHCOONH3H2NCO酰胺苏氨酸*ThreonineThrT119.105CHCOONH3CH3CHOH羟基半胱氨酸CysteineCysC121.145CHCOONH3HSCH2含硫天冬酰胺AsparagineAsnN132.104CH2CHCOONH3H2NCO酰胺酪氨酸TyrosineTyrY181.176CHCOONH3CH2HO芳香族酸性氨基酸天冬氨酸AsparticacidAspD133.089NH3HOOCCH2CHCOO酸性谷氨酸GlutamicacidGluE147.116CHCOONH3HOOCCH2CH2酸性碱性氨基酸赖氨酸*LysineLysK146.17CHCOONH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH3碱性精氨酸ArginineArgR174.188H2NCCHCOONH2NHCH2CH2CH2NH2碱性组氨酸HistidineHisH155.141NCH2CHCOONH3HN碱性*为必需氨基酸