英语第38讲宾语从句【真题体验】1.—Ican'tdecide__D__onvacation.Anyadvice?(2014,绍兴)—WhataboutHainan?It'swarminwinter.A.whenIwillgoB.wherewillIgoC.whenwillIgoD.whereIwillgo2.—Mr.Green,doyouknow__A__?(2014,温州)—July10.Itwilllastamonth.A.whenoursummerbeginsB.whendoesoursummerbeginC.whereoursummerbeginsD.wheredoesoursummerbegin3.—That'sanicetoy.Couldyoutellme__B__?—Imadeitwithmyuncle'shelp.(2014,台州)A.howdidyoumakeitB.howyoumadeitC.whodidyoumakeitforD.whoyoumadeitfor4.Ihavesometicketsforthebasketballmatch.Iwonder__C__.(2014,河北)A.whereyoubuytheticketsB.whyyouliketogothereC.ifyou'dliketocomealongD.whenyouwatchthematch5.—David,couldyoutellme__B__?—Everyfouryears.(2014,南京)A.whenthe2014WorldCupwillfinishB.howoftentheWorldCuptakesplaceC.howmanyteamstakepartintheWorldCupD.whomayscorethemostgoalsintheWorldCup【考点梳理】中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。高频考点一宾语从句的引导词1.宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。如:Webelieve(that)heishonest.我们相信他是诚实的。2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有ornot或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。如:Idon'tknowif/whethershewillcomehere.我不知道她是否将来这儿。Sorry,Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.对不起,我不知道他是否会来。3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。如:Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗?Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.老师问这些学生正在做什么。【例1】—It'ssolate.Whynotwritethereporttomorrow?—ButIdon'tknow_B_Icandoitifnotnow.(2014,安徽)A.whyB.whenC.howD.where点拨:四个选项都可引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语。由句意“为什么不明天写报告呢?”可知答句为“但是如果现在不写的话我不知道什么时候我能写。”高频考点二宾语从句的时态宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有下面几种情况:1.主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如:HesayshewillaskMrHutogiveJimsomework.他说他将要求胡先生给吉姆一些工作。2.主句的时态为过去的某种时态,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的某一过去的时态。如:Shesaidshemissedusverymuch.她说她非常想念我们。3.从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如:Hesaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.他说太阳比地球大。【例2】—Doyouknow_B_themeeting?—Tomorrowmorning.(2014,北京)A.whentheyhadB.whentheyaregoingtohaveC.whendidtheyhaveD.whenaretheygoingtohave点拨:由答句可知宾语从句为一般将来时;而且从句的语序应用陈述语序。【例3】—So,canyoutellme_B_heretoday?—Well,IwaswalkingdownCentreStreetwhenaUFOlanded.(2014,黄冈)A.whatdidyouseeB.whatyousawC.whendidyouseeitD.whenyousaw点拨:由答句可知问句的从句应用一般过去时,且要用陈述语序,排除A、C两项。从句中缺少宾语,所以选B。高频考点三宾语从句的语序含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如:Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.我想知道火车什么时候离开的。注意:1.有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如:What'swrongwith…?/Whichisthewayto…?/Whathappenedtoyou…?/What'sthematter/trouble…?/Whostudiesthehardestinyourclass?2.doyouthink后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,doyouthink作为插入语。如:Whodoyouthinkheistalkingwith?你认为他正在和谁交谈?3.由do,does,did构成的疑问句,在转换成宾语从句时,要去掉do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如:Doeshesingwell?Themusicteacheraskedhim.→Themusicteacheraskedhimif(whether)hesangwell.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否好。4.如果是will,be,have,can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上,并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如:Willyoubefreetomorrow?Sheaskedme.→Sheaskedmeif(whether)Iwouldbefreetomorrow.她问我明天是否空闲。【例4】—Doyouknow_B_theCapitalMuseum?—NextFriday.(2014,泰安)A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited点拨:宾语从句应用陈述语序,排除A、C。答语为“下周五”。可知从句用一般将来时。【例5】—Idon'tunderstand__A_.(2014,苏州)—I'msorry.ButIwasdoingmyhomework.A.whyyoudidn'twatchthefootballmatchB.whydidn'tyouwatchthefootballmatchC.whyyoudon'twatchthefootballmatchD.whydon'tyouwatchthefootballmatch点拨:答句句意为“很抱歉。但那时我正在做家庭作业。”可知“没有看足球赛”是过去的动作。排除C、D。B项不是陈述语序故排除。高频考点四宾语从句的否定前移在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose等时,如果主语为I或we时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose等前。如:Idon'tsupposehewillcome.我猜他不会来。注意:如果主句主语不是I或we,则not不前移。如:Shethinksshecan'tarrivethereontime.她认为她不能按时到那儿。【例6】翻译:我认为明天不会下雨。I_don't_think_it_will_rain_tomorrow.高频考点五宾语从句的转化1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是hope,wish,decide等时,从句可转化为不定式结构。如:IhopethatIcanseeyouagain.=Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望能再次见到你。2.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.=Idon'tknowwhattosay.我不知道该说什么。3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:MrHutellsusthatweshouldn'tdrawonthewall.=MrHutellsusnottodrawonthewall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。WillyoupleasetellmewhereIcanbuystamps?=Willyoupleasetellmewheretobuystamps?请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票?4.有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构,常用动词find,think,make。如:Ithinkitisnecessaryforustolearntowait.=Ithinkitnecessaryforustolearntowait.我认为对我们来说学会等待是有必要的。Ifindsheisagoodgirl.=Ifindheragoodgirl.我发现她是个好女孩。5.由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如:Wedidwhatwecouldtohelpyou.=Wedideverything(that)wecouldtohelpyou.我们尽力帮助你。RobertsawwhatMrSmithdid.=Robertsaweverything(that)MrSmithdid.罗伯特看见史密斯先生所做的一切。【例7】将下列句子改为简单句Theteachertoldtheboyheshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeplayinggames.点拨:主句的谓语动词是tell,宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语,故从句可简化为不定式结构:tellsb.nottodosth.。答案:Theteachertoldtheboynottospendtoomuchtimeplayinggames.1.Doyouknowwhere__A__?Ihavesomethingtotellhim.(2014,白银)A.theheadteacher'sofficeisB.istheheadteacher'sofficeC.theheadteacher'sofficewasD.wastheheadteacher'soffice2.—Couldyoutellme__D__?(2014,济宁)—At9:20tomorrowmorning.A.whattimeyouarrivedB.whoyouarecomingwithC.whenwillyoubehereD.whattimeyouarearriving3.—Wehavenoidea__C__.(2014,达州)—It'sheardthatheisMr.Green'sson.A.wherehecomesfromB.ifdoeshelivehereC.whoheisD.whoishe4.—Mum,summerholidayiscoming.Iwonder__B__.—HowaboutQi