非谓语动词一、定义不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制,无时态与语态变化,又称非限定性动词。二、形式1.动词不定式(todosth.)2.动名词(v.-ing)现在分词(v.-ing)3.分词过去分词(v.-ed或不规则变化)考点一动词不定式动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。功能例句说明主语Toswimhereisdangerous.在这儿游泳是危险的。动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语表语Myjobistolookaftermysister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语功能例句说明宾语Iwanttobeanactor.我想成为一名演员。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾语补足语SheaskedmetospeakEnglish.她要求我说英语。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后,不定式省略to定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语Icomeheretoseeyou.我来这里是为了见你。不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致此外,不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。①Ican’tdecidewhichonetobuy.我不能决定该买哪一件。(作宾语)②Whentostarthasn’tbeendiscussed.什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)【温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to;(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to:feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have(简记为一感一听三看三让)。上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上“to”。①Tomhelpedhisbrother(to)learntoswim.汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。变为被动语态:HisbrotherwashelpedtolearntoswimbyTom.②WeoftenhearJacksingEnglishsongs.我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。变为被动语态:JackisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongs.【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope),同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail),准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,besupposed),以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。考点二动名词动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是用来寄信的。元贝驾考网元贝驾考科目四科目一科目三仿真试题功能例句说明表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语定语Billisinthereadingroom.比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙记】喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)习惯(beusedto)却完毕(finish)想要(feellike)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)还介意(mind)后接动词-ingMygrandfatherkepttellingjokesandIcouldn’thelplaughing.爷爷不停地讲笑话,我忍不住笑了。【温馨提示】部分动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别较大。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事forgettodosth.忘了去做某事(未做)stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事(被动含义)needtodosth.需要去做某事(主动含义)trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做了某事考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。2.分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语①Doyouknowtheboyplayingfootball?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗?②Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.请交上你的笔试练习。现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词状语①Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。②Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.从小山上看,我们的学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语功能例句说明表语①Thenewsisexciting.这个消息令人兴奋。②I’minterestedinthebook.我对这本书感兴趣。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态补足语①Don’tkeepmewaitingforalongtime.别让我等很长时间。②Ihadmyhaircutlastnight.昨天晚上我理发了。现在分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2012·安顺中考)Mr.Scottmadealivingby______(sell)oldthings.2.(2011·遵义中考)Trusthim!Hehasnodifficulty______(work)outtheproblem.答案:1.selling2.working3.(2011·滨州中考)Davidpreferred______(sell)newspaperstodoinghouseworkwhenhewasyoung.4.(2011·兰州中考)Thestudent______(name)WangLinismyexampleinEnglishlearning.5.(2011·梧州中考)Davyenjoys______(play)tennisandbaseball.答案:3.selling4.named5.playingⅡ.单项选择1.(2012·安顺中考)—Doyouknowwhethertheman_______bythedoorisMr.Smith?—Sure.We’veknowneachotherforalongtime.A.standB.standingC.stoodD.stands【解析】选B。standingbythedoor是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行,与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。2.(2012·随州中考)It’sdangerous_______withthewildanimal.A.forustoplayB.ofusplayingC.forusplayingD.ofustoplay【解析】选A。It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.意为“做某事对某人……”,其中it为形式主语,动词不定式toplaywiththewildanimal是真正的主语,故选A。3.(2012·自贡中考)—Whenareyougoingtohaveyourhair_______?—Thisafternoon.A.cutB.tocutC.cutting【解析】选A。havesth.done“让……被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语,与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。4.(2011·山西中考)Driversshouldn’tbeallowed_______afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.driveB.drivingC.todrive【解析】选C。allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”,其被动语态为sb.beallowedtodosth.“某人被允许做某事”。故选C。5.(2011·重庆中考)Wedon’tknow_______itnext.Let’sgoandaskMr.Li.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whethertodoD.todowhether【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+todo”在此作know的宾语,再由it可知,句中已有动词do的宾语,故选C。6.(2011·绵阳中考)OurEnglishteacherencouragesus_______partinallkindsofafter-classactivities.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.totaking【解析】选A。encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事。7.(2011·江西中考)Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps【解析】选C。动词不定式短语tohelp作目的状语。金手指驾校(2011·济南中考)Thewomanlovesanimalsandshetries_______thesehomelessanimals.A.tohurtB.toeatC.tohelpD.tokill【解析】选C。trytodosth.“努力做某事”。句意:这位女士喜欢动物,她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。9.(2011·眉山中考)—It’salittlecoldtoday.Wouldyoumind_______thewindow?—Ofcoursenot.A.notopeningB.nottoopenC.don’topenD.noopening【解析】选A。Wouldyouminddoingsth.?“你介意做某事吗?”,其否定形式为Wouldyoumindnotdoingsth.?10.(2011·昆明中考)Thereporterdidn’tgotobeduntilhefinished_______thearticle.A.writingB.writeC.towriteD.wrote【解析】选A。finishdoingsth.完成某事。故选A。