中考英语语法复习―非谓语动词

非谓语动词初中语法动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。eg.Iworkinafactory.当句中有谓语动词时，如在需要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，非谓语动词重要包括：动词不定式（todo)、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）Eg.1)Idecidetoworkinafactory.2)Ienjoyworkinginafactory.3)Heisthemanworkinginafactory.4)Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.非谓语动词动词不定式动名词一、动词不定式1、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it做形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末.其结构是It’s+adj.+of/forsb+todo.Eg.TolearnEnglishwellisusefulIt’susefultolearnwell.注意：此时用of还是用for关键是看形容词形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用for,反之如形容人的性格特征的用of1）It’sverykind_____youtohelpme.2）It’snecessary_____ustomasteraforeignlanguage.3)It’snice_____youtoinviteus.4)It’sinteresting______ustoplayfootball.offoroffor2、不定式做宾语1）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如:want,decide,hope,agree,,wish,need,promise,wouldlike,plan等。eg.Wehope___________(see)thefilm.Wouldyoulike________(go)withus?toseetogo2)在find,think后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。Eg.Ifind______necessry__________(master)aforeignlanguage.toseeittomaster3）常见的一些用不带to的动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有：Whynotdo---,hadbetter(not)do,wouldratherdo---thando,could/wouldyoupleasedo—Eg.Iwoulrather________(stay)athomethan________(go)out.staygo3.不定式做宾补1)不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，常见的动词有tell,ask,want,allow,get,invite,encourage等。否定形式在todo前加not1)Mymotheroftenencourageme______(study)hard.2)Wedon’tallowpeople_______(smoke)here.3)Thestudentsareoftentold_________(notgive)up.4)Heaskedme___________(notdrive)here.tostudytosmokenottogivenottodrive2)使让动词和感官动词用省略to的不定式做宾补Eg.1.Thebossmadetheworkers_______(work)foranother2hours.2.Isawlucy________(go)outjustnow.workgo4、不定式做定语，放在被修饰词后，一般并与被修饰词间有动宾关系Eg.Wouldyoulikesomething__________(eat)?Thereisnothing___________(worry)about.Haveyougotanythingelse________(say)Heisoftenthefirstone______(get)here.toeattoworrytosaytoget注意：此时变为被动语态必须将to加上.如：Lucywasseentogooutjustnow.5.不定式放在疑问词what,where,whichhow之后，此时相当于一个宾语从句Eg.Idon’tknowwhat_______(do)tomorrow.=Idon’tknow____________________tomorrow.Hedidn’tknowwhere______(go)fortheholiday.Hedidn’tknowwhere______________fortheholiday.Iwonderhow_____________(处理）itnext.Iwonderhow_____________________itnext.IshoulddealwithtogoWhatIshoulddotodealwithhewouldgotogo二、动名词1.动名词做主语，此时谓语动词用单数Eg.________(collect)stamps____(be)myfavorite.Collectingis2.动名词做动词或介词的宾语。此类动词有keep,enjoy,prefer…to,mind,can’thelp,finish,feellike,practise,Wouldyoumind__________(smoke)here?Knivesareusedfor____________(cut)things.smokingcutting1.做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。三、分词。分词分为现在分词（动词+ing)和过去分词两种，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表被动、完成。1）Thisisa_________(read)room.2)His__________(speak)Englishisverygood.3)Doyouknowtheman_________(stand)underthetree.4)Thewomanswepttheleaves________(fall)ontheground.fallenstandingspokenreading2.现在分词作状语，表伴随Eg.Thestudentswentoutoftheclass,_____(talk)and__________(laugh)talkinglaughing3.分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），过去分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。Eg.Don’tkeepus__________(wait)forsolong.Shespeaksloudlytomakeherself_______(hear).Iheardher_________(sing)inthenextroomwhenIpassedby.Wehavetomakeourhair_______(cut)waitingheardsingingcut四、注意区分：1、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语Ａ：无差别begin,startLet’sbegin______________(have)anEnglishclass.tohave/havingＢ：有一定差别like,love,hateDoing表示爱好，todo表示具体动作。如：Ilike___________(swim)alot,butthiseveningIlove_______(go)skating.swimmingtogoC：差别很大动词＋todosth.（未做）+doingsth.（已做）remember记得要做某事记得曾做某事forget忘记做某事忘记做了某事stop停下来去做另一事停止正做的事try尽力去做某事尝试做某事Shetriedacomposition.她试着写作文。writing她设法（尽力）打电话给你。Shetriedyou.tocallIrememberthedoorjustnow.我记得我刚才开了门。openingPleaserememberthedoorafterwork.toclose请记住下班后关门。Iforgothimthenews.我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。Iforgothimthenews.totell我忘记了告诉他这个消息。tellingTest一、选择1.Hehaspromisedbetterlatter.A.behavingB.behaveC.tobehave2.Hehatedher.A.troubleB.totroublingC.totrouble3.Hestoppedwhentheteachercamein.A.totalkB.talkingC.talked4.Ihavefinishedtheroom.A.cleanB.toreaditC.cleaning5.Igiveyouabook.A.toreadB.toreaditC.readingit6.Thereisnothingforus.A.toworryB.toworryaboutC.worryingaboutCCBCAB二、改错1.Onedayacatholdamouseandwantedeatingit.2.Ienjoylisteningforeignmusic.3.Theworkersweremadeworkdayandnight.4.Pleaseletmetogetoutofthisdirtyplace.(toeat)(to)(to)5.Atlastheagreedstayhere.6.Aftertheygottothetopofthemountain,theystoppedhavingarest.7.ShewouldlikestayingathomeonSundays.8.Itoldtheboydon’ttotiethedogunderthetree.(to)(tohave)(tostay)(not)2.动词不定时做宾补与现在分词做宾补感官动词既可以跟不带to的不定式做宾补也可以跟现在分词做宾补，用不定式做宾补表示的动作经常做或做了，跟现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行。1）Isawher_________(play)basketballwhenImether.2)Ioftensawher_______(play)basketballlastweek.3)Iheardlucy________(go)downstairsand_______(go)out.playingplaygogo3.need,wantrequire+todo与doingMybikeneeds________(repair),andIwant______(repair)it.repairingtorepairTodo表示被动，与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，doing表示主动，与主语有逻辑上的主谓关系4.–ing与-ed如：interesting与interested；exciting与excited等的区别。如：I’mvery_____________(surprise)atthe___________(surprise)matter.surprisedsurprising5、注意介词to在短语中的应用+doingmakeacontributionto(为做---做贡献），payattentionto（注意做---），lookforwardto(盼望做---），prefer---to----(喜欢---而不喜欢），beusedto(习惯于做---）1.We’dbetter____atonce.A.startB.tostartC.startingD.started2.Isawhim____intheclassroom.A.sleepB.sleptC.tosleepD.sleeping3.Wehaveworkedlonghours.Let’sstop___arest.A.tohaveB.havingC.fromhavingD.have4.I’dlove___amovie.A.to