2016届高考英语一轮总复习 专题八 形容词和副词课件 新人教版

第二部分语法专题专题八形容词和副词一、基本用法形容词的基本用法如下表：句法功能例句作定语Theresearchlackssolidevidence，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.作表语Trainsarefastandconvenient，butrushhourscanbeterrible.作宾语补足语Lifeishardthere，andthemountainsmakecommunicationsdifficult.作主语补足语Theupperclosetwasfoundempty.作主语或宾语(与the或所有格连用)Onbuses，theyoungoffertheirseatstotheold，thesickandthedisabled.作伴随状语Thesurvivorslayonthebeach,exhaustedandshocked.副词的基本用法如下表：句法功能例句修饰动词Weusedtoseeeachotherregularly，butIhaven'theardfromhimsincelastyear.修饰形容词WangWeicanbereallystubborn.修饰其他副词NeitherTomnorSusancanswimverywell.作状语修饰全句Obviouslythereismuchroomforimprovementinourwork.作表语Michaelisabroad.作定语Whichisthewayout？作宾语补足语Iamverygladtoseeyouback.二、形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。易错提示：以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级：relative，absolute，perfect，entire，senior，golden，afraid，unique，present，simply，right，wrong，sure，round，empty，wonderful等。1．比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数以­ow(如narrow)结尾的双音节形容词或副词，在原级后加­er，­est构成。如：clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方式例词以e结尾加­r和­stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，再加­er和­esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾，再加­er和­esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more，most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily(2)不规则形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worstold—older/elder—oldest/eldestmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—least2．基本用法(1)两者相比(甲＝乙)，用“as＋原级＋as”表示。Forcheerleaders，theirsportisjustasseriousasbaseballorfootball.易错提示：在同等比较级中，若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：as＋adj.＋a＋n.＋as。Ihaveneverhadasboringadayastoday.(2)两者相比(甲乙)，用“notas/so＋原级＋as”表示。Unfortunately,mywifeisn'tsofondofthemasIam.(3)两者相比(甲乙)，用“比较级＋than”表示，(甲乙)用“less＋原级＋than”表示。SeekinginformationontheInternetismoreconvenientthansearchinginalibrary.易错提示：在实际运用中，than从句常常省略，要通过上下文来理解。Travelingfromplacetoplaceisnowsomuchcheaperandeasier.(4)三个或三个以上的人或事物比较，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级＋比较范围”表示。Duringthe1990s，MichaelJordanwasprobablythebestknownbasketballplayerintheworld.3．特殊用法(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”和“moreandmore＋原级”表示“越来越……”，其反义词组为“lessandless＋原级”。Inmanywaysmydisabilityhasmademegrowmoreandmoreindependent.(2)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。ThemoreupsetIgot,thelessIwasabletoconcentrate.(3)“more＋原级＋than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.(4)“morethan＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Ofthetwosisters,Maryisthecleverer.易错提示：有时形容词最高级前不用the，句中的most相当于very，意为“非常；十分”。Iammosthappytogetyoure­mail.4．比较级形式表示最高级含义(1)在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义：比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词theother＋复数名词anyone/anythingelseanyoftheother＋复数名词ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis,itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.(2)never＋...＋a＋形容词比较级＋单数名词/nothing＋...＋形容词比较级。Ihaveneverheardabettervoice./Nothingisbetterthanthevoice.针对训练用所给单词的适当形式填空1．TheForbiddenCityattractsa________(constantly)streamofvisitorseveryday,especiallyduringnationalholidays.2．Thosepoorandneedyteenagerswereexcitedtofindashopatthecornerwheretheycouldbuy________(afford)pricedbikes.3．Everythingseemedtobegoing________(smooth)forthefirsttwodaysafterImovedtoNewYork.4．IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime—thereare________(many)meaningfulthingstodo.5．Tonycanhardlyboilanegg,still________(little)cookdinner.6．Nothingcouldbe________(good)．7．I'vebeenwritingthisreport________(occasion)forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.8．Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled________(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.9．Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe________(sweet)．”10．Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”________(high)．11．Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir________(nature)course.12．Wedranktogetherandtalked________(merry)tillfarintothenight.13．Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.14．Gamesareoften________(excite)anddramatic,buttheygenerallyaren'tveryintellectual.15．Seatedinacomfortablechair,listeningtothepeacefulmusic,you'llbebroughtintoa________(relax)stateofmind.16．“Howmuchisadishofplainicecream？”heasked.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit________(patience).“Thirty­fivecents”，shesaid________(rude)．答案1.constant2.affordably3.smoothly4.more5.less6.better7.occasionally8.warmly9.sweeter10.higher11.natural12.merrily13.worst14.exciting15.relaxed16.impatient;rudely