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1Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005110Chapter10EmotionCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20052Emotions(perturbations)•••••2Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053EmotionsasResponsePatternsFearMedialnucleus•Basalnucleus(7/e)•Lateralnucleus(LA)(7/e)•Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20054EmotionsasResponsePatternsFearCentralnucleus(CE)•Conditionedemotionalresponse(CER)•3Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20055Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200564Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20057Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2004Simplifieddiagramofconnectionsoftheamygdala(6/e)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20058AnatomyoftheAmygdala(7/e)5Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20059RoleofCentralAmygdalaNucleusinEmotionalResponsesFosCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200510ConditioningofEmotionalResponses(CER)6Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200511800Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200512CentralAmygdalaNucleusandFearCERLeDoux(LH)PAG7Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200513PETAmygdalaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200514Amygdala8Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200515…Parabrachialnucleus)CentralNucleusCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200516ACTH)9Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200517AggressiveBehaviorwhowillbedinner•Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200518AggressiveSituations11.1410Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200519Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052011Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200521Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200522EmotionsasResponsePatternsAngerandaggressionThreatbehavior•Defensivebehavior•Submissivebehavior•Predation•(prey)12Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200523NeuralControlsofAggressionPAGPAGCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200524PAGAmygdalaHypothalamus13Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200525PAGAmygdalaHypothalamusP(+)(+)GABA(-)VTACopyright©Allyn&Bacon200526Themajorbrainregionsinvolvedinemotionalprocessing14Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200527(cont'd)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052815Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200529SerotoninandAggression5-HT5-5-5-HT1B5-HIAA(5-)5-5-5-HIAACSFCSF5-HIAA5-HIAACopyright©Allyn&Bacon200530Serotonin16Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053145-HIAACopyright©Allyn&Bacon200532Raleigh(1991)5-HTagonistantagonist5-HTagonistdominanceAggression≠DominanceAggressionSerotoninCSF5-HIAA5-HTserotoninFluoxetine(Prozac)5-HTagonistDominanceAggression17Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005331920W.R.HessJohnFlynn1.(silentbitingattack):(lateralhypothalamus)2.(affectiveattack):(medialhypothalamus)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200534Shamrage-overlysevere,andnotwelldirected18Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005351954KarlPribramCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200536FrontalLobe&AggressionJacobsonEgasMoniz(frontallobectomy)psychosurgeryMoniz19Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200537Serotonintransportergene…Hariri(2002)amygdalaserotoninSerotoninCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20053820Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200539amygdalaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200540OrbitofrontalCortexPhineasGage:Jacobsen:(prefrontallobotomy)(Moniz)21Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200541PhineasGage:Fromresponsible,religiousrespectableandsociallywell-adaptedmantoanirreverent,profaneandimpulsiveitinerant.PhineasGageCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200542Roleoftheorbitofrontalcortexemotionalcontrolplanning22Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200543PrefrontalcortexPrefrontalCortexOrbitofrontalcortex(OFC)•Theregionoftheprefrontalcortexatthebaseoftheanteriorfrontallobes.PrefrontalCortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200544OrbitoprefrontalfMRIorbitoprefrontalfrontalcortex23Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200545AmygdalaStimulusPrefrontalCortexBehaviorSerotoninPrefrontalCortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200546HormonalInfluencesonAggressionTestosterone•••Estradiol24Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200547Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20054825Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200549Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20055026Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200551Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200552Bechara…“”100“”5027Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200553“”“”PrefrontalcortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200554prefrontalcortexprefrontalcortexfMRImedialprefrontalcortexvs28Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200555Becharaprefrontalcortex11%Prefrontalcortex“”“”fMRIprefrontalcortexprefrontalcortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200556FacialExpressionsSignalEmotionvs••29Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200557Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200558UniversalityofemotionalexpressionTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimalsCharlesDarwin(1872)30Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200559FacialFeedbackEkman•••Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20056031Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200561“”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200562“”“”PET32Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200563RecognitionofEmotionCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20056433Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200565Somatosensorycortex“”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200566Somatosensorycortex“”“”“”Somatosensoycortex34Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200567Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20056835Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200569CommunicationofEmotionsNeuralBasisofCommunicationofEmotions:Volitionalfacialparesis:•Emotionalfacialparesis:•Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200570DuchenneDuchennestimulatingzygomaticmuscles36Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200571Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200572a(b)(a)(b)37Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200573c(d)(c)(d)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20057438Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200575(a)(b)(c)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200576“”“”39Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200577Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200578S.P.40Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200579Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20058041Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200581Ha