生理心理学课件 第3章 神经系统结构

1Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200413Chapter3StructureandFunctionoftheNervousSystemCopyright(c)AllynandBacon200422Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20043‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒNeuraxis:•GettingOrientedAmphibianCarnivoreHuman3Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20045Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200464Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20047‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒAnterior:•ƒPosterior:•ƒRostral:•ƒCaudal:•Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20048‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒDorsal:•ƒVentral:•ƒLateral:•ƒMedial:•5Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20049‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒIpsilateral:•ƒContralateral:•ƒCrosssection:•Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200410‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒFrontalsection:•ƒHorizontalsection:•ƒSagittalsection:•ƒMidsagittal:•6Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200412‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒMeninges:•ƒDuramater(“hardmother”):•ƒArachnoidmembrane:•ƒPiamater(“piousmother”):•7Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200413‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒSubarachnoidspace•CSFƒCerebrospinalfluid:••CSFCSF125ml3Copyright(c)AllynandBacon2004141.2.3.[]31[CSF]8Copyright(c)AllynandBacon2004159Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200417Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20041810Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200419‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒTheVentricularSystemandProductionofCerebrospinalFluid••(CSF)•CSF•ƒVentricle:•CSFCopyright(c)AllynandBacon200420‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒLateralventricle:•ƒThirdventricle:•ƒCerebralaqueduct:•ƒFourthventricle:•ƒChoroidplexus:•CSF11Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200421Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20042212Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200423Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200424CSF13Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200425‰BasicFeaturesoftheNervousSystemƒ(18):••28•Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200426(A)(B)(C)14Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200427Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20042815Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200429Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20043016Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200431Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20043217Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200433Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20043418Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200435Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20043619Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200437Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20043820Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200439ProsencephalonmesencephalonRhombencephalonCopyright(c)AllynandBacon200440‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒDevelopmentofthecentralnervoussystemƒNeuraltube:•ƒVentricularzone:•CNSƒ10weekhumanfetus1.25cm(0.5in.)ƒ20weeks5cm(2in.)ƒComplete1400g21Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200441Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200442‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒDevelopmentofthecentralnervoussystemƒCerebralcortex(cortexmeans“bark”)•about3mmthickƒRadialglia•ƒFoundercells•CNS22Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200443‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒDevelopmentofthecentralnervoussystemƒSymmetricaldivision•ƒAsymmetricaldivision•ƒApoptosis(literally,a“fallingaway”)•Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200444‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒDevelopmentofthecentralnervoussystemƒNeurogenesis••()••50%23Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200445‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒForebrain•ƒCerebralhemisphere•ƒSubcorticalregion••Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200446‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒSulcus•ƒFissure•ƒGyrus•24Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200447Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20044825Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200449Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200450‰‰26Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200451Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200452(cerebralcortex)27Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200453Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20045428Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200455Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20045629Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200457Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200458‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒPrimaryvisualcortex•ƒCalcarinefissure•ƒPrimaryauditorycortex•ƒLateralfissure•30Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200459‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒPrimarysomatosensorycortex•ƒCentralsulcus•ƒPrimarymotorcortex•••Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200460‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒFrontallobe•ƒParietallobe•ƒTemporallobe•ƒOccipitallobe•31Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200461Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200462‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒSensoryassociationcortex•••ƒMotorassociationcortex(premotorcortex)••ƒPrefrontalcortex•32Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200463PrefrontalcortexPremotorcortexSupplementarymotorcortexPrimarymotorcortexPrimarysomatosensorycortexCentralsulcusCerebralCortexCopyright(c)AllynandBacon20046433Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200465‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒ——ƒCopyright(c)AllynandBacon200466‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒCorpuscallosum:•ƒNeocortex:•ƒLimbiccortex:•;ƒCingulategyrus:•34Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200467Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200468‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒLimbicsystem:•ƒHippocampus:•ƒAmygdala:•35Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200469‰TheCentralNervousSystemƒTheforebrain-telencephalonƒLimbicsystemƒFornix:•ƒMammillarybodies:••Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20047036Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200471Copyright(c)AllynandBacon2004721.2.4.5.6.3.Papez37Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200473Copyright(c)AllynandBacon20047438Copyright(c)AllynandBacon200475‰TheCentr