吴明：联合国翻译：高翻学院翻译实例讲评(二)

高翻学院翻译实例讲评（二）A.理解错误B.误译C.偏离原意D.译文非规范化E.参考译文全文原文Inshort,foreignpolicyinademocracymusttakeintoaccounttheemotions,beliefs,andgoalsofthepeople.Themostcarefullythought-outplansoftheexperts,eventhough100percentcorrectintheory,willfailwithoutbroadpublicsupport.Thegoodleaderinforeignaffairsformulateshispolicyonexpertadviceandcreatesaclimateofpublicopiniontosupportit.Roosevelt,verymuchapoliticalanimal,wenttotheYaltaConferencekeenlyawareofAmericanpublicopinion.WiththewaralmostoverinEurope,AmericanswantedSoviethelpinthefinalbattleagainstJapan.ThusonemajorgoalforRooseveltattheconferencewastopindownStalinonthetimingandtheextentofenteringthewarinAsia.Rooseveltalsorealizedthathemighthavescoredonlyatemporarysuccessingainingpublicsupportduringthewarforaninternationalorganization,whichhethoughtwastheonlydevicethatcouldkeeptheUnitedStatesfromslippingbackintoisolationism.ThushisothermajorgoalwasanaccordontheUnitedNations.Theotherimportantproblems,principallyEasternEuropeandGermany,hadtobeconsideredagainsttheoverridingimportanceofRoosevelt’stwomaingoals.WhileRoosevelt’sgoalswerenaturallyAmerican-oriented,Churchill’sweretraditionallyBritish:tomaintaintheEmpireandtokeepEuropefrombeingdominatedbyonepower,which,underthecircumstances,meanttheSovietUnion.ThesegoalsexplainwhyChurchillopposedthedismembermentofGermanyandfoughttohelpFranceresumehermajorroleontheContinent.Churchill’sstyleinnegotiationwasbasedinlargemeasureonhisdebatingexperienceintheHouseofCommons.Hisargumentswerealwayswellreasonedbutwereoftenbasedonemotionalappeal,whichleftStalincold.ChurchillobviouslyfeltdeeplyaboutPoland,thecauseoftheBritishdeclarationofwar,andusedallofhisparliamentaryskillandeloquencetopleadhiscase.FromChurchill’sprincipaladviser,ForeignSecretaryEden,ondown,theBritishingeneralknewtheirdossiersandwerewellpreparedforthediscussions.ToStalin,theaimwasfarmorethantheunderstandableoneofpreventingGermany,whensherecovered,frommountingathirdinvasionofRussia.StalinwasBolshevik,andhisprincipalaimwastoprotecttheSovietsystem.ThushefelthecouldnotdependoncapitalistBritainortheUnitedStatestohelphim,eventhoughtheirimmediatewartimeinterestscoincided.NorcouldStalincountonaninternationalorganization,wheretheSovietUnionwassuretobeout-numbered,togiveMoscowwhatitwanted.TheSovietUnionwouldhavetoprotecttheSovietsystemherself,andthatmeanttheestablishmentofsatellitegovernmentsallthroughEasternEurope.Stalinwasashrewdandskillednegotiator.Hewasalwayscalmandunruffledandalmostalwayscourteousinhismoodandmanner.Hewasparticularlyadroitandeffectiveindefensivediplomacy,whenthesubjectunderdiscussiondealtwithanareaunderSovietcontrol,suchasPolandortheEasternBalkans,heshowedhimselftobeamasterofevasiveanddelayingtacticswithnogreatregardforfacts.Hehaddonehishomeworkontheprincipalissues,buthedidnothesitatetociteeventsandactionswhichChurchillandRoosevelt,tosaynothingoftherestofus,profoundlydisbelievedbutcouldnotrefuse.Onmattersnotunderhiscontrol,Stalinwaslessskilfulanddidnotvigorouslypushhisposition.HewasablybackedupbyMolotov,thefaithfulfollower.（ExerptedfromWitnesstoHistory)A.理解错误1.实例1Inshort,foreignpolicyinademocracymusttakeintoaccounttheemotions,beliefs,andgoalsofthepeople.1.1.讲评译文简单而言，外交政策是一种体现人民的情感、信仰和目标的民主形式1.2.参考译文总之，一个民主国家的外交政策必须考虑到国内人民的情绪、信念和目标。2.实例2ThushisothermajorgoalwasanaccordontheUnitedNations2.1.讲评译文因此，罗斯福的另一个目标是与联合国相一致。因此他的另外一大任务就是获得联合国的同意。因此其另一主要标的就是与联合国达成一致。罗斯福参加会议的另一大目的是在联合国达成协议。2.2.参考译文所以，他的另一个主要目标就是求得关于建立联合国的一致意见。3.实例3Rooseveltalsorealizedthathemighthavescoredonlyatemporarysuccessingainingpublicsupportduringthewarforaninternationalorganization,whichhethoughtwastheonlydevicethatcouldkeeptheUnitedStatesfromslippingbackintoisolationism.3.1.讲评译文3同时罗斯福也深知，这一举措只是让他暂时获得了联合国的支持，而联合国是唯一能防止美国重新陷入孤立出境的国际组织同时，罗斯福也意识到，对于在战时建立一个国际组织的提议，他在赢得公众支持方面仅仅取得了暂时性的胜利。但美国群众对这一国际组织的支持可能只是战争期间暂时的。对建立国际组织，公众的支持肯能只是战时的暂时妥协。在战时向国际组织寻求公众支持，他可能只会取得暂时的成功。罗斯福还意识到，他获得的公众支持只是因战争期间加入联合国而赢得的暂时性胜利。他为联合国在二战期间赢得了短暂的公众认可。3.2.参考译文罗斯福也知道，在战争期间只能暂时赢得美国公众对一个国际组织的支持，但他认为参加国际组织是防止美国倒退到孤立主义中去的唯一办法。4.实例4FromChurchill’sprincipaladviser,ForeignSecretaryEden,ondown,theBritishingeneralknewtheirdossiersandwerewellpreparedforthediscussions.4.1.讲评译文上至丘吉尔的特级顾问兼外交部长艾登，下至英国普通民众对一点都了然于胸。自丘吉尔的首席顾问---外长艾登以下，整个英国普遍了解苏联的行径。从丘吉尔副手英国外长艾登往下，英国代表团都对此行目的十分明确，英国至上而下都知道。英国人从丘吉尔的首席顾问和外交部长艾登大致了解了情况，对此展开了热烈的讨论。4.2.参考译文从丘吉尔的主要顾问外交大臣艾登以下，英国代表团成员一般都了解他们手中的有关文件，并对各种讨论做了很好的准备。5.实例5Theotherimportantproblems,principallyEasternEuropeandGermany,hadtobeconsideredagainsttheoverridingimportanceofRoosevelt’stwomaingoals.5.1.讲评译文其他的重要问题---主要是东欧和德国处置问题，其重要性被认为远低于罗斯福的两大目的。至于其他的重要问题，主要是东欧和德国问题，与上面两个目标相比，就显得不那么重要了。为达到这两个最为重要的目的，罗斯福还必须考虑以东欧和德国为首的其他重要问题。无法与罗斯福的两大目标的重要性相提并论。其他的难题---主要是东欧和德国---就只能等罗斯福达成这两个标的之后再予以讨论了。5.2.参考译文其他的重要问题，主要是东欧和德国问题，必须对照罗斯福的两个意义十分重大的主要目标来考虑。6.实例6ThesegoalsexplainwhyChurchillopposedthedismembermentofGermanyandfoughttohelpFranceresumehermajorroleontheContinent.6.1.讲评译文由此，很容易理解为什么丘吉尔反对德国加入联合国。为什么丘吉尔反对德国分为东西德。6.2.参考译文这些目标可以解释丘吉尔为何反对肢解德国，并极力帮助法国恢复它在欧洲大陆上的主要地位。7.实例7Hisargumentswerealwayswellreasonedbutwereoftenbasedonemot