高翻学院翻译实例讲评(四)A.理解错误B.译文不确切C.译文不通顺D.参考译文全文OriginalTextDistributivejusticeHowcanthedistributionofsocialgoodsinasocietybejust?Utopianvisionariesthroughouthistoryhavegivenanswerstothisquestionand,totheextenttowhichtheseanswersvaried,havesetoffideologicalcontroversiesaswellaswars.Questionsthatneedtobesettledbydogmaorforce,however,areliabletohavenoanswersatall.Presumablyitisthisinsightthathasledmanysober-mindedstudentsinthefieldsofsociology,economicsandpoliticalsciencetoabandonthequestionofhowdistributivejusticecanberealized,replacingitwiththequestionofwhythebeliefindistributivejusticeisillusory.Posedfromthisperspectivethequestiongainscomplexityaswellasopenness.Theremaybemanyanswers.Noneoftheseanswerscanclaimtobetheultimateonebut,summed,theymaycontributetoourunderstandingoftheforcesinhibitingorfacilitatingdistributivesocialjustice.Iattempttoaddressoneofthemanyaspectsoftheillusionofdistributivejustice,focusingontheconceptualdistinctionbetweenrealizingvs.perceivingdistributivejustice.Distributivesocialjusticeisliabletobeillusoryonbothaccounts.Itcanbeillusorybecause,contrarytothebeliefswemayhave,itmaybeimpossibleforthedistributionofsocialgoodstobejustregardlessofwhatwedo.Forinstance,theimpossibilitytheorem,accordingtowhichcollectivesocialwelfarefunctionscannotbedetermined,isdirectedtowardsthedestructionofthistypeofillusion.Distributivejustice,however,canalsobeillusorybecausetheperceptionwehaveofitdoesnotmirrorrealityadequately.Thereisacertaincausalrelationshipbetweentheperceptualillusionandtheillusoryfeasibilityofdistributivejustice.Becauseifweperceivesocialdistributionsasjust,eventhoughthisisnotwhattheyare,thennobodywillattempttostriveforchange.Thusweareleftwithdistributionsthatareunjustforever.Thatis,falseperceptionsofdistributivejusticehavesocialconsequencesthatrendertherealizationofdistributivejusticeimpossible.A.理解错误A.1.实例1Distributivesocialjusticeisliabletobeillusoryonbothaccounts.Itcanbeillusorybecause…Distributivejustice,however,canalsobeillusorybecause.A.1.1.讲评译文社会分配公正在以上两个方面可能都不现实就这两个方面而言……在这两个概念上…..无论在实践上还是观念层面,分配的社会公平都堪称空想。A.1.2.参考译文社会分配公平可能是“幻想”,其理由有两点。它之所以是“幻想”,这是因为……然而,分配公平具有虚幻性也是因为A.2.实例2Noneoftheseanswerscanclaimtobetheultimateonebut,summed,theymaycontributetoourunderstandingoftheforcesinhibitingorfacilitatingdistributivesocialjustice.A.2.1.讲评译文一言以蔽之它们可能有助于我们对限制武力或促进对社会分配公平的理解。但这些答复加在一起,有助于我们理解武力对分配公平的阻碍或促进作用也许所有的答案最终不能归结为一个它们可能有助于我们对阻止暴力的理解,同时也为实现社会分配公平提供便利A.2.2.参考译文哪个答案都不能自诩为最终答案。但是,把所有答案综合起来看,或许有助于我们理解妨碍或推动社会分配公平的因素。A.3.实例3Itcanbeillusorybecause,contrarytothebeliefswemayhave,itmaybeimpossibleforthedistributionofsocialgoodstobejustregardlessofwhatwedo.A.3.1.讲评译文不同于我们通常的认识,社会商品的分配与我们的行为是不可割裂的忽略我们自身的行为而单独对社会物资进行分配是不现实的。…..社会分配可能无法做到公平,不考虑我们所从事的不同A.3.2.参考译文它之所以是“幻想”,这是因为,可能与我们的想法相反,无论我们如何努力,或许都不可能实现社会产品的公平分配。A.4.实例4Thusweareleftwithdistributionsthatareunjustforever.A.4.1.讲评译文因而我们将陷入不公正的分配泥沼永远无法逃脱。A.4.2.参考译文这样一来,分配便永远处于不公之中。A.5.实例5Forinstance,theimpossibilitytheorem,accordingtowhichcollectivesocialwelfarefunctionscannotbedetermined,isdirectedtowardsthedestructionofthistypeofillusion.A.5.1.讲评译文与……直接相关指向这种虚无缥缈的破坏性例如,不可能定理指向了该幻觉的破灭。例如,导致集体社会福利功能无法决定的不可能性定理计算集体社会福利函数的不可能定理。A.5.2.参考译文比如,根据“不可能定理”,集体社会福利函数无法确定,而该定理旨在摧毁此类幻想。A.6.实例6Thatis,falseperceptionsofdistributivejusticehavesocialconsequencesthatrendertherealizationofdistributivejusticeimpossible.A.6.1.讲评译文分配公正的错误感知产生阻碍性后果也就是说,分配公正的错误感知将产生社会影响,让人们意识到实现公平分配的不可能性。A.6.2.参考译文换言之,对分配公平的虚假看法带来的社会后果是让分配公平的目标永远无法实现。A.7.实例7Howcanthedistributionofsocialgoodsinasocietybejust?A.7.1.讲评译文社会范围的分配物品是怎样的?A.7.2.参考译文一个社会如何分配社会产品才算公平?一个社会怎样才能做到公平地分配社会产品?A.8.实例8Posedfromthisperspectivethequestiongainscomplexityaswellasopenness.A.8.1.讲评译文这一问题的角度是错综复杂同时也是开放的。A.8.2.参考译文从这个角度看,这一问题显得更加复杂并引起争论。A.9.实例9Utopianvisionariesthroughouthistoryhavegivenanswerstothisquestionand,totheextenttowhichtheseanswersvaried,havesetoffideologicalcontroversiesaswellaswars.A.9.1.讲评译文在一定程度上又不同或多或少引起……这些答复一改再改也引发了意识形态上的争执,就如引发战争一样乌托邦式的意见人士在纵观历史以后给出了这个问题的答复A.9.2.参考译文各个历史时期的空想家们对此给出了各种答案,甚至由于这些答案各不相同,引发了意识形态争论,直至兵戎相见。A.10.实例10Iattempttoaddressoneofthemanyaspectsoftheillusionofdistributivejustice,A.10.1.讲评译文我尝试从多种角度的一种来研究分配公平错觉A.10.2.参考译文分配公平虚幻性体现在很多方面,我尝试重点讨论其中之一,B.译文不确切1.Utopianvisionaries理论家、观察家准确译文:空想家们2.Distributivesocialjusticeisliabletobeillusoryonbothaccounts.通常准确译文:可能/或许3.Presumablyitisthisinsightthat大概是出于这种想法准确译文:大概正是因为醒悟了这一点4.Posedfromthisperspectivethequestiongainscomplexityaswellasopenness.明朗/公开准确译文:引起争论5.Noneoftheseanswerscanclaimtobetheultimateone完美无缺准确译文:最终答案B.译文不确切或不规范6.illusion伪命题准确译文:幻想7.conceptualdistinctionbetweenrealizingvs.perceivingdistributivejustice.实现VS察觉准确译文:实现与看待8.distributivejustice均等分配准确译文:公平/公正C.译文不通顺1.Distributivejustice,however,canalsobeillusorybecausetheperceptionwehaveofitdoesnotmirrorrealityadequately.分配公平,恐怕也是虚幻的,因为我们对它的认识与现实并没有足够相符。然而,分配公平具有虚幻性也是因为我们对分配公平的看法并没有恰当地反映客观现实。C.译文不通顺2.Presumablyitisthisinsightthathasledmanysober-mindedstudentsinthefieldsofsociology,economicsandpoliticalsciencetoabandonthequestionofhowdi