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学习目标1.掌握被动语态的用法2.掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be＋动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：•Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned主语谓语宾语byuseveryday结构：主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态：主语be+过去分词by+宾语即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。”(注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语)[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。归纳总结方法把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即：①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一变二套三注意各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词在被动语态中要注意的问题一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：A.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.B.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.C.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.D.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感观动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo把下列主动句改为被动句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主动)②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主动）→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.把下列主动句改为被动句1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou.4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers.•1.ShewaterstheflowerseverydayTheflowerseveryday.arewateredbyher3.Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.2.Iboughtacomputerlastterm．Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.4.Ourstudentsmustn’tsmokecigarettes.Cigarettesmustn’tbesmokedbyourstudents.5.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.TheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.1、Tea_______(grow)inFujian.2、Chinese__________(speak)inChina.3、Thebed__________(use)forsleeping.4、Ourclassroom_________(clean)everyday.5、Thecars__________(make)inBeijing.isgrownisspokenisusediscleanedaremade