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1温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。课后阅读训练十七Module5 Period1Ⅰ.阅读理解AChemicalChangeandPhysicalChangeTherearetwokindsofchanges—chemicalchangeandphysicalchange.Inachemicalchange,thereisalwaysanewsubstanceformed.Breakingupwaterintohydrogenandoxygenisachemicalchange.Ineachofthechemicalchangeatleastonenewsubstanceisformed.Achangeisnotachemicalchangeifitdoesn’tformanewsubstance.Physicalchangesareverycommon,too.Therearemanyexamples.Youcanmakeaphysicalchangebytearingapieceofpaperintotwo,orbycuttingapieceofironwithlathe(车床).Herepaperisstillpaper,andtheironisstilliron.Anotherwayofmakingphysicalchangeisdissolvingsomethinginwater.Whenyoudissolvesaltinwater,thesaltdisappears.Youmaythinkthatanewsubstancehasbeenformed.Butreallythereisnonewsubstance.Thesaltisstillsalt.Youcanstilltasteit.Sothedissolvingof2anythingisaphysicalchange.Whenwaterfreezes,thechangeisalsoaphysicalone.Thewaterchangesfromliquidtosolid,butitisstillthesamesubstance.Thatiswhythefreezingofanythingisaphysicalchange.【语篇概述】文章向我们介绍了化学变化与物理变化的区别。1.Inaphysicalchange________isformed.A.anewsubstance B.nothingnewC.apieceofpaperD.apieceofiron【解析】选B。推理判断题。从文章第三、四段我们可以看出物理变化没有新的物质生成。2.Thedissolvingofsaltinwateris________.A.aphysicalchangeB.achemicalchangeC.hydrogenandoxygenD.breakingup【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第四段的陈述尤其是最后一句Sothedissolvingofanythingisaphysicalchange.可知,任何物质溶解的过程都是物理变化,故盐溶于水也属于物理变化。3.Thechangeofthethreestatesofwateris________.A.achemicalchangeB.differentsubstancesC.aphysicalchangeD.thesamestate【解析】选C。细节理解题。从文章最后一段得知水从液体变为固体或变为气体,并没有生成一种新的物质,仍是同一种物质,因此水的三种形态变化属于物理变化。34.Wecanseparateachemicalchangefromaphysicaloneby________.A.thechangeofshapeB.thechangeofcolorC.newly-producedsmokeD.newly-formedsubstances【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段可知在化学变化中应该有新物质产生,只要没有新物质产生就不是化学变化。由此得知:判断是化学变化还是物理变化的依据是看是否有新物质产生。【规律方法】推理判断题解题方法1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正向推理,推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。文章第二段最后一句中说,“一个变化如果没有产生新的物质,就不能叫做化学变化”,所以可以推知,化学变化与物理变化的区别就在于是否产生了新的物质。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断。在弄懂全文意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定最佳结论。3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。文章语境的褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图,对逻辑推断很有帮助。4.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。4根据文章陈述的事实、论点、例证等进行推理,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵,把握作者的写作思路,事件发展的经过、因果关系、对比关系等。BDoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish? Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant. CharlesDarwindidn’tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe. Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn’tbeworthanything. Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresent-dayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingssetasidesomeof5ancientGreekphysics. Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundations(根基)ofscience.【语篇概述】本文是一篇哲理类阅读,从达尔文切入,告诉人们,科学家不仅像常人一样知道某些真理,他们还验证真理,不管这些真理有多简单。5.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.A.wasagreatEnglishscientistB.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD.didn’tgetwellwithothers【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据CharlesDarwindidn’tsettleforjustthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.可知,达尔文并不满足于知道某些事,因为他相信,任何事物都很重要,不管它们看来有多简单,故选C。6.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”inPara.5mostprobablymeans________.A.throwawayB.storeupC.puttouseD.realize【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是6重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义,故选A。7.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.A.convince(说服)usthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB.drawtheconclusion(结论)thatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus【解析】选D。主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单,故选D。8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.B.AccordingtosomepeopleDarwindidfoolishexperiments.C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.【解析】选B。细节考查题。根据Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?明确告诉我们,有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验,故选B。7CWhenyouarecuriousaboutsomethingandwanttoknowmoreaboutit,youcanusethewayofaskingquestions.Askingquestionsisthefirststeptomakediscoveriesandfindinterestinganswers.Thestepsbelowcanguideyouduringtheresearch(研究).Step1.Onanotecardorapieceofpaper,writedownthesubjectthatyouareinterestedin.Justgetthemainideadown.Forexample