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灵通英语课堂少儿英语系列IPA-InternationalPhoneticAlphabet国际音标国际音标元音分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。单元音双元音前元音中元音后元音｛/i:/,/ɪ/,/e/,/æ//ɜ:/,/ǝ/,/ʌ/｛合口双元音集中双元音/u:/,/ʊ/,/ɔ:/,/ɒ/,/ɑ://eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/ǝʊ/,/aʊ//ɪǝ/,/eǝ/,/ʊǝ/辅音爆破音磨擦音鼻辅音半元音舌侧音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g//f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/θ/,/ð/,/∫/,/ʒ/,/h/,/r/,/m/,/n/,/ŋ//l//w/,/j/破擦音/tʃ/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/1.音标必须写在括号里，常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种，其上端不顶第一线，大致与大写字母相齐，下端在第三格的中间。2.音标没有大小写，也没有书写体，因此书写时必须和印刷体一样，直上直下，没有斜度，其书写规格如下所列：9.舌尖10.舌前11.舌中12.舌后13.声带14.气管15.鼻腔1.上唇2.下唇3.上齿4.下齿5.上齿龈6.下齿龈7.硬腭8.软腭Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）/i:/,/ɪ//ɜ:/,/ǝ/Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）/ɔ:/,/ɒ//u:/,/ʊ/Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）/ɑ://ʌ//æ/,/e/Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）合口双元音/eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/aʊ/,/ǝʊ/Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）集中双元音/ɪǝ/,/eǝ/,/ʊǝ/Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）/s/,/z/,//ʃ/,/ʒ/,/f/,/v/,/θ/,/ð/,/h/,/r/Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（破擦音）/ʧ/,/ʤ/,/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/Consonants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音）/m/,/n/,/ŋ/Consonants（辅音）-lateral（舌侧音）/l/Consonants（辅音）-semi-vowels（半元音）/j/,/w//i:/例词：heteakeyseatreefield•短语：•greenleavesgreenteacleanstreet•deepseainthetreeeatthemeat•例句：•A:Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?•B:Tea,please.•A:OK.Ihavetea,too./i/-/ɪ/例词：pinshiphillchicks短语：abigshipfiftypicturesMissSmithinterestingfilms例句：A:IsLilyin?B:Lilyisillinbed.C:Oh,I’msorry./ε/-/e/例词：penheadlegwell短语：tenpenceverywellexpensivecigaretteswenttoAmerica例句：A:Howdidyouspendyourholiday?B:IwenttoBeijing.A:Wasitexpensive?B:Yes,very./æ/例词：applelanternhandparachute短语：blackcatmadmantravelingbagmatter-of–fact例句：A:AnnistravelingtoJapan.B:Howhappysheis!A:Sheisveryhappy.Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）中元音：/ɜ:/,/ǝ/,/ʌ//ǝ:/-/ɜ:/例词：girlbirdworkturn短语：earlybirdsuperbworkthirstypersonperfectsearch例句：A:Healwaysarrivesworkearly.B:Buthewasn’tearlythismorning.A:Youweren’tearlyeither./ǝ/例词：teacherpicturebreakfastwelcome短语：aglassofwateraquartertosevenbrothersandsistersabookaboutChina例句：A:lookattheclock！B:what’sthetime?A:it’saquartertoseven/ʌ/例词：cuprunjumpflood短语：hurryup!trustus!rubbishdumpmustn’tworry例句：A:It’ssunnytoday.B:Yes,isn’tit.A:MyunclewillgotoLondonnextMonday.B:Howluckyheis!Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）后元音：/u:/,/ʊ/,/ɔ:/,/ɒ//ɑ://u:/例词：zoowhofoodblue短语：atoothforatoothSueandLucyfruitjuicetwoshoes例句：A:Lookatmynewshoes?B:Oh,theyarebeautiful.A:Yourbootsarebeautiful,too./u/-/ʊ/例词：footwoodbookpush短语：goodcookgoodbookcouldn’tlookpuddingwithoutsugar例句：A:Wheredidyouputthebook?B:Whichbook?A:Thebookyouboughtyesterday./ɔ:/例词：forkballmorningairport短语：fourballsscoreboardmorningglorysportsreporter例句：A:Iseetwochildrenontheblackboard.B:Heisshort.A:Sheisshorter./ɔ/-/ɒ/例词：cockshopjobhospital短语：hotcoffeelongjobontheboxdropthepot例句：A:Ihaveabadcough.B:Youmustseeadoctor.A:Yes,Imustgotothehospital./ɑ:/例词：cargardenstarguitar短语：fastcarhalfmasthearttransplantstarsandbars例句：A:Youlookverysmarttoday.B:Thankyou.C:Whatamarvelousdanceryouare.Letmetakeaphotographofyou.Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）合口双元音/eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/ǝʊ/,/aʊ//ei/-/eɪ/例词：faceraincakewait短语：eightcakeswastepaperrailwaystationwaitforthemail例句：A:It’smybirthdaytoday.B:HappybirthdayA:Thankyou.Cometomybirthdayparty.Anddon’tbelate./ai/-/aɪ/例词：skykitewritebicycle短语:whiteliehightideeyeforeyesilentnight例句：A:It’safinedaytoday.Thesunisshiningbrightly.B:Yes,Ifeelhot.Ilikeanice-creamnow.A:Yes,Ido,too./ɔi/-/ɔɪ/例词：boyboilnoisecoin短语：aspoiltboyanoisytoyanannoyingvoiceJoyce'sboyfriend例句：A:Lookatmytoygun.B:Oh,whatagoodtoy!A:Shallwejoinourfriendsinthegarden?B:Yes,let’sgo./ǝu/-/ǝʊ/例词：coastthrowboattoe短语：Joe’scoatgotothewindowloadandunloadthrowasnowball例句：A:Look!Hehasaboat.B:Ishegoingtorow?A:Ithinkso./au/-/aʊ/例词：cowhousemouthtrousers短语：shoutoutbrownmousedowntownroundlounge例句：A:Isshemilkingthecow?B:Yes,sheis.A:Isthecowinhehouse?B:No.Sheisonthedairyfarm.Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）集中双元音/ɪǝ/,/eǝ/,/ʊǝ//iǝ/-/ɪǝ/例词：earqueerzerobeard短语：theatmosphereherequeerskierwearymountaineerexperiencedengineer例句：A:Let’shavesomebeerhere.B:Whatagoodidea!A:Whatshallwedoafterhavingbeer?B:Weshallgotothetheatre./εǝ/-/eǝ/例词：hairbarepearchair短语：millionaire’sheirmayor’sparentssquarechairscarefullibrarian例句：A:Whereismypen?B:It’soverthereonthechair.A:Thankyou.It’sreallythere./uǝ/-/ʊǝ/例词：tourpoorjurygourd短语：poortouriststourfromChinafuriousjuryEuropeangourd例句：A:Ireceivedaletterfrommyuncle.He’ssickwithinfluenza.B:I’msorry.IshestillinEurope.A:Yes.He’sstillworkinginLondon.B:HemustspeakfluentEnglish.Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g//p/例词：pigpotpondplan短语：pickupapepperpotapieceofporkapenandapencil例句：A:Doyoucollectstamps?B:Yes,Ido.A:Willyoushowmeyourstampalbum?B:Yes,theyareupstairs.Letmegoandfetchthem./b/例词：busbedbenchbrush短语：BigBenabigbottlebeautifulblousesbluebutterflies例句：A:Isthisyourhandbag?B:No,itisn’tmyhandbagisnotbrown.A:Whatcolorisyouhandbag?B:It’sblack./t/例词：tietaxitaptelephone短语：titfortattipofthetongueflatfoottale-teller例句：A:I’mhungry.Iwantsomethingtoeat.B:Whataboutsomesteak?Let’sgototherestaurant!A:Yes,let’sgo./d/例词：doordoctorheadwind短语：darlingdaughterdarkredplayedcardslistenedtotheradio例句：A:Whatdidyoudolastnight？B:Istudiedlastnight.A:Didyoustudyallnigh