汽车生物燃料---毕业论文

2015届本科生毕业设计（论文）汽车生物燃料的发展及研究院系：机电工程学院专业：交通运输姓名：指导教师：答辩日期：二〇一五年五月I摘要能源是发展国民经济的重要物质基础，随着社会的进步、经济的发展，人类对石油的依赖越来越强烈，石油供应与消费平衡关系制约着全世界经济的发展。依据我国能源资源状况分析，能源问题已成为制约我国国民经济发展的重要因素。汽车作为能源消耗大户，随着汽车保有量的增加，汽车已成为温室气体二氧化碳排放放的主要来源，给全球环境造成了严重影响。另外，石油资源越来越少，国际油价起伏不定，在“环境污染”与“能源危机”的双重压力。降低油耗并寻求新的替代能源，以及开发低污染或零污染的绿色代用燃料，已成为当今车用发动机发展的主题。而生物燃料则具有独特的优势，对其研究开发具有战略意义，受到国内外的广泛关注。本文分析了国内外生物燃料的发展状况，阐述了生物燃料在汽车领域的应用的可行性、前景及国家的相关政策。关键词：能源代用燃料生物燃料政策IIAbstractEnergyisanimportantmaterialbasisforthedevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,withsocialprogress,economicdevelopment,humandependenceonoilandmoreintense,oilconsumptionbalancebetweensupplyandrestrictingthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.Basedonouranalysisofenergyresources,energyhasbecomeanimportantfactorrestrictingthedevelopmentofournationaleconomy.Carsasanenergyguzzler,withtheincreaseincarownership,carhasbecomeamajorsourceofgreenhousegascarbondioxideemissionsputtotheglobalenvironmenthadaseriousimpact.Inaddition,feweroilresources,internationaloilpricesfluctuatedintheenvironmentalpollutionandtheenergycrisisdoublepressure.Reducefuelconsumptionandtoseeknewalternativeenergysources,andthedevelopmentoflowpollutionorzeropollution,greenalternativefuel,hasbecomethesubjectoftoday'scarenginedevelopment.Andbiofuelswillhaveauniqueadvantageofitsstrategicresearchanddevelopment,widespreadconcernathomeandabroad.Thispaperanalyzesthedevelopmentofdomesticandforeignbiofuels,itelaboratedfeasibilityofbiofuelsintheautomotivesector,prospectsandnationalpolicies.Keywords:EnergyAlternativeFuelsBiofuelsPolicyIII目录摘要..........................................................................................................................IAbstract..................................................................................................................II目录........................................................................................................................III第1章引言............................................................................................................11.1生物燃料简介.....................................................................................................11.2国外生物燃料的研究开发现状.........................................................................11.2.1生物柴油..................................................................................................21.2.2生物乙醇..................................................................................................21.2.3生物丁醇..................................................................................................31.3国内生物燃料的研究开发现状.........................................................................41.3.1我国相关企业积极开展生物燃料的研究及生产..................................51.3.2国家鼓励以非粮食作物进行生物燃料的研发及生产..........................51.4生物燃料的应用前景.........................................................................................6第2章生物燃料推广的可行性及国家政策的相关性.............................................92.1推广的可行性.....................................................................................................92.1.1经济可行性................................................................................................92.1.2土地资源禀赋..........................................................................................112.2国家政策...........................................................................................................12第3章传统燃料和生物燃料在汽车使用中性能的比较.......................................143.1传统汽车燃料...................................................................................................143.1.1汽油........................................................................................................143.1.2柴油........................................................................................................143.2汽车生物燃料...................................................................................................153.2.1燃料乙醇................................................................................................153.2.2生物柴油................................................................................................173.3.3太阳柴油................................................................................................183.3.4燃料甲醇................................................................................................183.3生物燃料对汽车性能的影响...........................................................................193.3.1燃料乙醇对汽油机性能影响................................................................193.3.2生物柴油对柴油机性能影响................................................................203.3.3M-ETB对汽油机性能影响....................................................................21第4章生物燃料汽车与其他新能源汽车的比较...................................................224.1其他新能源汽车概况.......................................................................................224.1.1混合动力汽车........................................................................................224.1.2纯电动汽车.......................................................................................