高考英语二轮语法复习学案

1高考英语二轮语法复习学案（定语从句）（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。2e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.练习、定语从句1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?A.whoB./C.thatD.when9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.whereB./C.whenD.what21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.whichC.thatD.he30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere31.