高考英语写作指导-造句的两大技巧

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第1页共4页高考写作素材(1):造句的两大技巧第一天:造句的两大技巧【芝麻开门】句子是文章的基本单位。成功的作品是由清晰而合乎语法规则的句子组成的。然而一个好的句子除了能够准确表达作者的意思,还需要简洁生动,这是在考试中获得高分的法宝。一、句子要简洁Aheroisnothingbutaproductofhistime.时势造英雄。写作要求精练,因为,简洁的表达能起到更加强调的作用。我们要写出效果好、影响大的文章,就要想方设法1)避免使用空洞、多余的短语;2)避免过多地使用较长的句子结构,如并列句和从属句等;3)避免不必要的重复。请看下面各例:1)OwingtothefactthatIhadalotofworktodo,itwasn’tpossibleformetoaccepttheirinvitation.本句要表达的意思很简单,可是一堆空洞的短语使句子显得很累赘,改为下面的句子就简洁明了多了。Iwastoobusytoaccepttheirinvitation.2)Heisamanwhoishonest,whoalwayspayshisjustdebts,andwhoobservesthegoldenrulesinhisdealingswithothers.英语中比较重要的从属概念可用从句的形式表达,其它次要的概念常用词或短语来表达,因为句子比短语显得更重要。过多地使用从句会把次要的与主要的概念混为一谈,削弱句子的重点。该句可改为:Heisanhonestmanwhoalwayspayshisjustdebts,andwhoobservesthegoldenrulesinhisdealingswithothers.3)Myhometownisaquiet,peacefulplace.Itisquietandpeacefulbecauseofthesmallnumberofpeoplelivingthere.有时为了构成平行的句子结构或达到强调的目的,我们会重复使用某些词语。但是,无目的地重复会导致笨拙。所以本句可改为:Myhometownisaquiet,peacefulplacebecauseofthesmallnumberofpeople.二、语言要生动第2页共4页写作时要吸引读者的兴趣,句子就需生动、充满活力。平淡无味的句子会使人生厌,注意力分散。但要写出生动的句子就必须注意做到:1.交错使用长短句长句和短句各有各的特点,各有各的用场。长句结构复杂、容量大,能表达比较复杂的内容,叙事具体、说理严密。短句结构简单、短小精悍、明白易懂。在写作中应当交错使用长句和短句,使句子的长短多样化,增加语言的表现力。请看下面的一段话:Itisbettertotrusttovalourthantoluck.靠运气不如靠勇气。Ireturnedtomyroom.Therewasanoteundermydoor.ItwasfromBob.Hesaidhewasinthetownlookingforajob.Hehadn'tfoundanythingyet.Headdedthathewassorrytohavemissedme.这里出现的是一连串的短句,读起来使人感到单调乏味,而且各句之间所固有的逻辑关系没能用句法手段表达出来。为了使文字更为生动,意义更加明确,可做如下改动:WhenIreturnedtomyroom,IfoundanotefromBobunderthedoor.Hesaidhewasinthetownlookingforajob,buthadn’tfoundanythingyet.Headdedthathewassorrytohavemissedme.2.灵活使用多样句式要达到语言的生动性,写作时就要经常地变换句型和句子结构及表达思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子结构,使文章读起来单调乏味。在考虑英语句式的变化时,我们一般从以下几个方面入手:(1)既可以用主动式也可以用被动式,例如:例1:Today,weusemachinesnotonlyinindustrybutinothersectorsofnationaleconomyaswell.Todaymachinesarewidelyusednotonlyinindustrybutinothersectorsofnationaleconomyaswell.例2:Somepeoplebelievethatitwillbepossibleforautomaticmachinestoreplacecompletelyinthefuture.Itisbelievedbysomepeoplethatitwillbepossibleforautomaticmachinestoreplacecompletelyinthefuture.(2)既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式,例如:例1:Ishallgothereunlessitrains.第3页共4页Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.例2:Theirdailylivesdon’tprovidethemwiththeexerciseneededtokeepthemhealthy.Theirdailylivesfailtoprovidethemwiththeexerciseneededtokeepthemhealthy.(3)某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面,还可以用在中间,例如:例1:Withacar,peoplecangetaroundfreely.Peoplecangetaroundfreelywithacar.例2:Infact,speakingisoneofthemostimportantmeansofcommunication.Speakingisinfactoneofthemostimportantmeansofcommunication.(4)既可以是正常语序也可以是倒装语序,例如:例1:AnewtypeofTVsetswasamongtheproductsondisplay.AmongtheproductsondisplaywasanewtypeofTVsets.例1:Wedidnotrealizetheproblemofenergycrisisuntiltheendoflastcentury.Notuntiltheendoflastcenturydidwerealizetheproblemofenergycrisis.(5)既可以用简单句也可以用并列句或者主从复合句,例如:例1:Nowadaysalotofpeopleworkinoffice,spendingmostoftheirtimeindoors.Nowadaysalotofpeopleworkinofficeandtheyspendmostoftheirtimeindoors.例2:Therearemanymeansofgettinginformationandtheyenableustokeepupwithwhatisgoingonintheworld.Therearemanymeansofgettinginformationwhichenableustokeepupwithwhatisgoingonintheworld.例3:Doonesburycartoonssatirizecontemporarypolitics.Thevictimsofpoliticalcorruptionpaynoattention.Theyprefertodemandthatnewspapersnotcarrythestrip.Doonesburycartoonslaughatcontemporarypolitics,butthevictimsofpoliticalcorruptionpaynoattentionandprefertodemandthatnewspapersnotcarrythestrip.例4:Thecampusparkingproblemisgettingworse.Theuniversityisnotbuildinganynewgarages.Thecampusparkingproblemisgettingworsebecausetheuniversityisnotbuildinganynewgarages.Ignoranceisthemotherofimpudence.——无知是鲁莽之源。3.善用形象化语言第4页共4页适当地使用一些修辞手法如比喻、夸张、排比、拟人等能更形象、更深刻地说明事理,增加文章的活力。例如:Inthemorningthedusthunglikefog,andthesunwasasredasripenewblood.(明喻)Hisdaughteristheappleofhiseyes.(暗喻)Anideaspokewithinhim,racingthroughhismind.(拟人)Hisvoicewasloudenoughtowakethedead.(夸张)Manyofusallowourchildrentoeatjunk,watchjunk,listentojunk,talkjunk,playwithjunk,andthenwearesurprisedwhentheyturnouttobesocialjunkies.(排比)4.恰当使用英语习语写作时适当地使用习语、成语等也是使语言生动活泼的好办法。如:Onceamanisdead,thereisnohelping;youcan’trekindlethesparkoflifeinhim.本句中的thereisnohelping是汉语式的英语,不符合英语的习惯说法。这里虽然用了比喻,但更改了原来的主语,句子显得罗嗦、笨拙。如果改成下面的习惯表达,句子变得既简洁又生动。Onceamanisdead,hecan‘tbebroughtbacktolife.再如Thecommitteerefusedtolistentoourrequest.如果被改成Thecommitteeturnedadeafeartoourrequest.句子生动,增加了文采。活动教室〖〗请修改下面的短文增加句式的多样化以便使其生动、流畅。Weareterrifiedofdeath.Wedonotthinkofit,andwedon’tspeakoflife.Wedon’tmourninpublic.Wedon’tknowhowtoconsoleagrievingfriend.Infact,wehaveeliminatedorsuppressedallthetraditionalritualssurroundingdeath.TheVictorianscopedwithdeathdifferently.Theirfuneralswereelaborate.Theyardsofblackcrepearoundthehearse,hiredprofessionalmourners,anditssolemnprocessiontoanornatetombisnowadistantmemory.Theyworemourningjewelry.Theyhadacomplicateddresscodeforthegrievingprocess.Theritualsseveredapsychologicalpurposeinhelpingthelivingdealwithloss.【友情提示】句式多样化是英语作文取得高分的灵丹妙药,请你一定要勤学苦练,掌握这一招。另外,在使用一些修辞方法和英语习语的时候,要注意尽量避免老套的比喻或尽人皆知的习语。Onecarelessmovemaylosethewholegame.——一步不慎,满盘皆输。

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