语法专项复习------ObjectClause宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句即句子作宾语,而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.(名词作宾语)Iknowhim.(代词作宾语)IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语)包含宾语从句的句子结构:主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序(一)连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。注:that在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.(一小时后他会回来)2.Hesaid(that)_____________________(他非常想念我们)3.Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.(地球围着太阳转)hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun注意:当从句是客观真理的时候,无论主句什么时态,从句一律用一般现在时由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Askhim_____________________.(他是否能来)2.Idon’tknow_________________________.(是否要下雨)whether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot当句末为ornot时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.If与whether的区别1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked__________________.(谁能回答这个问题)2.Doyouknow___________________(他们在等谁)3.Pleasetellme_____________.(我们什么时候开会)whocouldanswerthisquestionwhotheyarewaitingfor?whenwewillhaveameeting4.Canyoutellme______________(他在哪儿)5.Couldyoutellme____________.(我该怎么去车站)6.Wouldyoutellme___________(为什么火车迟到了)whereheis?howIcangettothestation?whythetrainislate?(二)语序:陈述句语序即:陈述句结构(主+谓+其他成分)将下列句子换成陈述句语序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.Aretheydoinghomework?三.宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。Heaskedtheboywhatwasthematterwithhim?1.Howoldishe?Doyouknow…?2.Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?Heaskedme3.What’sthematterwithyou?HeaskedtheboyDoyouknowhowoldheis?HeaskedmeifIenjoyedmyselfattheparty.练一练1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?5.Howdidyougotowork?6.Whowillyouplaywith?7.WhoteachesyouEnglish?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…•(三)时态(时态一致性)•1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是_________时态。•Iknowwhathelikes.•Iknowwhatheisdoing.•Iknowwhathedidjustnow•Iknowwhathewilldo.•Iknowwhathewasdoing.任何•2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:•HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.•HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.过去•3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,即使主句用了过去时,从句仍用_______时态。例如:Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.一般现在三、宾语从句与简单句的转换(一)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(1)IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail_______________________.(二)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(2)Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.(三)当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.(四)当直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时,用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。eg:(4)A:Pleasebequiet.B:WhatdidBillsay?A:Heaskedustobequiet.whattodonexthowtoworkitout1.Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习:I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。4.Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?A.whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLilyC3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshereC5Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC•7.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?•A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which•A8.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingC当堂检测•完成中考宝典P189练习II.改错:1.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.__________________________________________MissZhangaskedmewhyIwaslateforschool.2.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.__________________________________________Fathertoldmethesunalwaysrisesintheeast.3.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.__________________________________________Hedoesn’tknowwhenshecancomeback.宾语从句小结一.结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分二.主从时态关系主句从句1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.(特殊):任何时态(客观、自然现象)三.语序:陈述语序时态不变时态相应变化一般现在时